Acrylonitrile Derivatives from Epoxide and Carbon Monoxide Reagents
申请人:Novomer, Inc.
公开号:US20190002400A1
公开(公告)日:2019-01-03
The present invention is directed to reactor systems and processes for producing acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile derivatives. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the processes comprise the following steps: introducing an epoxide reagent and carbon monoxide reagent to at least one reaction vessel through at least one feed stream inlet; contacting the epoxide reagent and carbon monoxide reagent with a carbonylation catalyst to produce a beta-lactone intermediate; polymerizing the beta-lactone intermediate with an initiator in the presence of a metal cation to produce a polylactone product; heating the polylactone product under thermolysis conditions to produce an organic acid product; optionally esterifying the organic acid product to produce one or more ester products; and reacting the organic acid product and/or ester product with an ammonia reagent under ammoxidation conditions to produce an acrylonitrile product.
Cationic palladium(ii) complex-catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition and tandem cycloaddition–allylic rearrangement of ketene with aldehydes: an improved synthesis of sorbic acid
Cationic palladium(II) complexes [PdL2(PhCN)2](BF4)2 efficiently catalyze the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ketene with aldehydes to give the corresponding oxetan-2-ones, among which 4-vinyl-substituted ones are further isomerized under the conditions to give 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones in good yields.
S<sub>N</sub>2 Ring Opening of β-Lactones: An Alternative to Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Additions
作者:Scott G. Nelson、Zhonghui Wan、Magdalena A. Stan
DOI:10.1021/jo025519n
日期:2002.7.1
Merging catalyticasymmetricacylhalide-aldehydecyclocondensation (AAC) reactions with ensuing Grignard-mediated ring opening of the derived enantiomerically enriched beta-lactones is presented as a generally useful asymmetric synthesis of beta-disubstituted carboxylic acids. Enantiomerically enriched beta-lactones are subject to efficient S(N)2 ring opening with a variety of copper-modified alkyl
Catalyzed acyl halidealdehyde cyclocondensations. New insights into the design of catalytic cross aldol reactions
作者:Scott G. Nelson、Zhonghui Wan、Timothy J. Peelen、Keith L. Spencer
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01308-8
日期:1999.9
quantities (2.5–20 mol%) of Al(SbF6)3 catalyze the di(isopropyl)ethylamine-mediated cyclocondensation of various acylhalides and enolizable aldehydes to afford β-lactones in good yields (58–93%). These reactions are discussed as a strategy for executing chemo- and regiospecific catalyzed cross aldol reactions.
Heterocycles, e.g., epoxides, are carbonylated at low pressure with high percentage conversion to cyclic, ring expanded products using the catalyst
where L is tetrahydrofuran (THF).