Structure and Spasmolytic Activity of Eucalyptanoic Acid from Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa and Synthesis of Its Active Derivative from Oleanolic Acid
摘要:
A new triterpenoid acid named eucalyptanoic acid (1) has been isolated from the fresh uncrushed leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa along with two known constituents, beta-sitosterol (2) and betulinic acid (3). The structure of 1 has been established as 3beta-hydroxyolean-9(11),12-dien-28-oic acid through spectral studies including 1D and 2D NMR. 1 and its acetyl (1a) and acetylmethyl (1b) derivatives were tested for spasmolytic activity. 1b was found to be the most active spasmolytic, mediated through blockade of calcium influx at 1 mg/mL. In the present study lb was also prepared starting from oleanolic acid (4). Acetylation. of 4 gave 4a, which on methylation afforded 4b. Reaction of 4b with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) furnished 1b. Hence 4 may be regarded as the biogenetic precursor of 1. Compounds 4 and 4a were found inactive at 1 mg/mL,while 4b was moderately active in showing spasmolytic activity.
Semi-synthesis of taraxerane triterpenoids from oleanolic acid
作者:Antonio Martinez、Alberto Perojil、Francisco Rivas、Marta Medina-O'Donnell、Andres Parra
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.064
日期:2015.2
The semi-syntheses of taraxerane triterpenoids by diverse bromination processes and other reactions, from oleanolic acid and some closely related derivatives, have been performed. For all the reactions performed, suitable mechanisms to explain the formation of these derivatives have been proposed.
introduction of conjugated alkadiene and epoxy ring moieties formed by means of photosensitized oxidation. Eosin Y was used as photosensitizer during this process. Next the cytotoxicity of the products was evaluated on HepG2.2.15 cells to determine the appropriate treatment concentration for the subsequent experiments. Most of the OA derivatives exhibited anti-HBV antigens secretion activity in HepG2.2.15 cells
Kitasato, Acta Phytochimica, 1936, vol. 9, p. 43,61, 75
作者:Kitasato
DOI:——
日期:——
Midazolam attenuates ketamine-induced abnormal perception and thought process but not mood changes
作者:Manzo Suzuki、Kentaro Tsueda、Peter S. Lansing、Merritt M. Tolan、Thomas M Fuhrman、Rachel A. Sheppard、Harrell E. Hurst、Steven B. Lippmann
DOI:10.1007/bf03019666
日期:2000.9
Purpose: To determine the effects of midazolam, 30 ng.mL(-1), on altered perception, mood, and cognition induced by ketamine.Methods: After ketamine was administered to achieve target concentrations of 50, 100, or 150 ng.mL(-1) in 11 volunteers, perception, mood, and thought process were assessed by a visual analog scale. Mini-Mental State examination (MMSE) assessed cognition. Boluses of midazolam, 30, 14.5, and 12 mu g.kg(-1), were injected every 30 min to maintain the plasma concentration at 30 ng.mL(-1), which was reached 30 min after each injection.Results: Ketamine produced changes in perception about the body (P < 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001 at 30, 60, and 90 min), surroundings (P < 0.01 and 0.0001 at 60 and 90 min), time (P < 0.002 and 0.0001 at 60 and 90 min), reality (P < 0.001 and 0.0001 at 60 and 90 min), sounds (P < 0.002 at 90 min), and meaning(P < 0.05 at 30 min), Subjects felt less energetic and clearheaded (P < 0.02 and 0.05) during ketamine, midazolam, and their coadministration. Ketamine impaired thought process (P < 0.003 and 0.0001 at 60 and 90 min). Ketamine and midazolam decreased mean total MMSE and recall scores (P < 0.001 for both). Go-administration reduced the number of subjects with perceptual (body, P < 0.01 and 0.001 at 30 and 60 min) and thought process abnormalities. Within the range of observation, co-administration did not affect the changes in mood or recall.Conclusion: Midazolam attenuates ketamine-induced changes in perception and thought process.
Structure and Spasmolytic Activity of Eucalyptanoic Acid from <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> var. <i>obtusa</i> and Synthesis of Its Active Derivative from Oleanolic Acid
作者:Sabira Begum、Ishrat Sultana、Bina S. Siddiqui、Farhana Shaheen、Anwar H. Gilani
DOI:10.1021/np020127x
日期:2002.12.1
A new triterpenoid acid named eucalyptanoic acid (1) has been isolated from the fresh uncrushed leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa along with two known constituents, beta-sitosterol (2) and betulinic acid (3). The structure of 1 has been established as 3beta-hydroxyolean-9(11),12-dien-28-oic acid through spectral studies including 1D and 2D NMR. 1 and its acetyl (1a) and acetylmethyl (1b) derivatives were tested for spasmolytic activity. 1b was found to be the most active spasmolytic, mediated through blockade of calcium influx at 1 mg/mL. In the present study lb was also prepared starting from oleanolic acid (4). Acetylation. of 4 gave 4a, which on methylation afforded 4b. Reaction of 4b with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) furnished 1b. Hence 4 may be regarded as the biogenetic precursor of 1. Compounds 4 and 4a were found inactive at 1 mg/mL,while 4b was moderately active in showing spasmolytic activity.