(4aS)-4,4a-dimethyl-6-prop-1-en-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2-one

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 异戊烯醇脂质
• 英文名称: (4aS)-4,4a-dimethyl-6-prop-1-en-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2-one
• 化学式: C₁₅H₂₂O
• 分子量: 218.33
• InChiKey: WTOYNNBCKUYIKC-QOZQQMKHSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.9
• 重原子数：
  16
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.67
• 拓扑面积：
  17.1
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

ADMET

毒理性

• 毒性总结

鉴定和使用：诺特卡酮能形成晶体；然而，商业产品是无色至淡黄色的液体。它用于饮料中赋予葡萄柚风味；与其他柑橘油一起用于香精配方。潜在的生物基杀虫剂，用于杀死蚂蚁、白蚁、蚊子、蟑螂和蜱虫，包括Ixodes scapularis（黑腿蜱），其叮咬可以传播细菌，导致人类和其他动物患上网格病。人类暴露和毒性：没有找到人类数据。动物研究：在一项为期28天的研究中，雄性和雌性大鼠通过口服灌胃每天给予10毫克/千克体重的诺特卡酮。没有报告出现临床可观察的毒性迹象。组织病理学检查显示，接受10毫克/千克体重诺特卡酮治疗的雄性大鼠的肾小管上皮细胞内积聚了球形嗜酸性物质。这一发现与透明滴状肾病的存在一致，这是由于肾近端小管上皮细胞内α-2u-球蛋白过度积聚所致。近端小管上皮细胞内α-2u-球蛋白的积聚被认为对人类没有相关性。生态毒性研究：诺特卡酮的封装提高了对蜱虫控制的毒性，减少了诺特卡酮的挥发性，并减少了植物的植物毒性。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Nootkatone forms crystals; however, commercial product is a colorless to yellowish liquid. It is used in beverages to impart grapefruit flavor; in fragrance compositions with other citrus oils. Potential bio-based pesticide to kill ants, termites, mosquitoes, cockroaches, and ticks, including Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick), whose bite can transmit bacteria that cause Lyme disease in humans and other animals. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: No human data were found. ANIMAL STUDIES: In a 28-day study, rats (male and female) were given nootkatone at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw per day by oral gavage. No clinically observable signs of toxicity were reported. Histopathological examination revealed accumulation of globular eosinophilic material in the tubular epithelium of male rats treated with nootkatone at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw per day. This finding is consistent with the presence of hyaline droplet nephropathy, which results from the excessive accumulation of alpha-2u-globulin in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Accumulation of alpha-2u-globulin in the proximal tubular epithelium is considered to be of no relevance to humans. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Encapsulation of nootkatone improved toxicity for tick control, reduced nootkatone volatility, and reduced plant phytotoxicity.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 立即急救：确保已经进行了充分的中和。如果患者停止呼吸，请开始人工呼吸，最好使用需求阀复苏器、球囊阀面罩装置或口袋面罩，按培训操作。如有必要，执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐，让患者前倾或将其置于左侧（如果可能，头部向下）以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。寻求医疗救助。 /毒物A和B/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 基本治疗：建立专利气道（如有需要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有需要，辅助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿，如有必要，进行治疗……。监测休克，如有必要，进行治疗……。预防癫痫发作，如有必要，进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）持续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能够吞咽、有强烈的呕吐反射且不流口水，则用温水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。在去污后，用干燥的无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒物A和B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 高级治疗：对于失去意识、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。对于严重的支气管痉挛，考虑给予β受体激动剂，如沙丁胺醇……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注5%葡萄糖水（D5W），保持通道开放，最低流速……。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%生理盐水（NS）或乳酸钠林格氏液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象……。用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫……。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗……。 /毒物A和B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

实验室动物：亚慢性或前慢性暴露/ 在一个为期28天的研究中，大鼠（雄性和雌性）通过口服灌胃的方式给予10毫克/千克体重/天的诺特卡酮...。在研究结束时，对所有大鼠进行了尸检，并对所有大鼠的选定组织进行了组织病理学评估。没有报告出现临床可观察的毒性迹象。诺特卡酮对体重、存活率、食物消耗、水消耗或血液学或血液化学参数没有不良影响。接受诺特卡酮的大鼠的器官重量与对照组相当。没有报告与治疗相关的宏观效应。组织病理学检查显示，接受10毫克/千克体重/天的香叶酮或诺特卡酮处理的雄性大鼠的肾小管上皮细胞内有球形嗜酸性材料的积聚...这一发现与透明滴状肾病的存在一致，后者是由于肾近端小管上皮细胞内α-2u-球蛋白过度积聚所致。近端小管上皮细胞内α-2u-球蛋白的积聚被认为对人类没有相关性...根据这些结果，研究确定了诺特卡酮的NOAEL为10毫克/千克体重/天。

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ /In a/ 28-day study, rats (male and female) /were/ given nootkatone ... at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw per day by oral gavage. At study termination, necropsies were perfomed and histopathological evaluations were conducted on selected tissues from all rats. No clinically observable signs of toxicity were reported. There were no adverse effects on body weight, survival, food consumption, water consumption, or hematological or blood chemistry parameters. Organ weights for the rats receiving nootkatone ... were comparable with those of the controls. No treatment-related macroscopic effects were reported. Histopathological examination revealed accumulation of globular eosinophilic material in the tubular epithelium of male rats treated with either verbenone or nootkatone at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw per day ... This finding is consistent with the presence of hyaline droplet nephropathy, which results from the excessive accumulation of alpha-2u-globulin in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Accumulation of alpha-2u-globulin in the proximal tubular epithelium is considered to be of no relevance to humans ... On the basis of these results, the /study/ identified a NOAEL of 10 mg/kg bw per day for nootkatone.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

文献信息

• COMPOUNDS FOR PEST CONTROL
  申请人：The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health & Human Services

  公开号：EP1355895B1

  公开（公告）日：2008-07-23