缺血和出血风险之间的微妙平衡是抗血小板治疗的关键因素。氯吡格雷和普拉格雷属于噻吩并吡啶类抗血小板药物,分别因其个体反应的变异性和出血事件的高发生率而闻名。本研究的重点是利用氯吡格雷和普拉格雷的结构-药代动力学关系的见解,开发和评估一系列氘代噻吩并吡啶衍生物。我们的方法基于氯吡格雷的分子框架,并结合了普拉格雷的 C 2 -药效团设计。 C 2位上的酯或氨基甲酸酯取代基的选择促进了通过水解生成2-氧代中间体,类似于普拉格雷,从而绕过了CYP2C19依赖性问题。我们的方法中的庞大的C 2 -药效团通过表现出适度的水解速率来区别于普拉格雷的乙酰氧基取代基,从而导致活性代谢物的更渐进的形成。活性代谢物的过度和快速释放被认为与出血风险升高有关,因此得到缓解。我们提出的结构修饰保留了对水解敏感的氯吡格雷甲酯,但用氘代甲基取代它,显示可以有效减少代谢失活。三种有前途的化合物在四倍剂量下表现出与氯吡格雷相似
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Podophyllotoxin Derivatives
作者:K. Lin、X. Zhang、X. Dai、L. Ma、K. Bozorov、H. Guo、G. Huang、J. Cao
DOI:10.1007/s10600-021-03539-z
日期:2021.11
Two series of podophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized by addition of a 4β-sulfanilamide to or substitution of a 4β-amide into podophyllotoxin. Their cytotoxicities were evaluated against four human cancer cell lines (A549, HeLa, MCF-7, and PC-3). Investigations of the structure–activity relationship were generalized. Derivative 9f (2-thienoylaminoepipodophyllotoxin) exhibited the highest activity against the cancer cells, inhibiting growth of MCF-7 cells with IC50 0.67 ± 0.37 μM. A change in the morphology of MCF-7 cells treated with 9f also confirmed its activity as a cytotoxic derivative against cancer cells.
Multifunctional novel Diallyl disulfide (DADS) derivatives with β-amyloid-reducing, cholinergic, antioxidant and metal chelating properties for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), potential antioxidant and metal chelating activities. Specifically, compounds 7k and 7l exhibited highest potency towards self-induced Aβaggregation (74% and 71.4%, 25 μM) and metal chelating ability. Furthermore, compounds 7k and 7l disaggregated Aβ fibrils generated by Cu2+-induced Aβaggregation by 80.9% and 78.5%, later confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis
7-O-Esters of taxifolin with pronounced and overadditive effects in neuroprotection, anti-neuroinflammation, and amelioration of short-term memory impairment in vivo
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease and the most common form of dementia. There are no treatments to cure, prevent or slow down the progression of the disease. Natural products hold considerable interest for the development of preventive neuroprotectants to treat neurodegenerative disorders like AD, due to their low toxicity and general beneficial effects on human health with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant features. In this work we describe regioselective synthesis of 7-O-ester hybrids of the flavonoid taxifolin with the phenolic acids cinnamic and ferulic acid, namely 7-O-cinnamoyltaxifolin and 7-O-feruloyltaxifolin. The compounds show pronounced overadditive neuroprotective effects against oxytosis, ferroptosis and ATP depletion in the murine hippocampal neuron HT22 cell model. Furthermore, 7-O-cinnamoyltaxifolin and 7-O-feruloyltaxifolin reduced LPS-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia cells as assessed by effects on the levels of NO, IL6 and TNF alpha. In all in vitro assays the 7-O-esters of taxifolin and ferulic or cinnamic acid showed strong overadditive activity, significantly exceeding the effects of the individual components and the equimolar mixtures thereof, which were almost inactive in all of the assays at the tested concentrations. In vivo studies confirmed this overadditive effect. Treatment of an AD mouse model based on the injection of oligomerized A beta(25)(-)(35) peptide into the brain to cause neurotoxicity and subsequently memory deficits with 7-O-cinnamoyltaxifolin or 7-O-feruloyltaxifolin resulted in improved performance in an assay for short-term memory as compared to vehicle and mice treated with the respective equimolar mixtures. These results highlight the benefits of natural product hybrids as a novel compound class with potential use for drug discovery in neurodegenerative diseases due to their pharmacological profile that is distinct from the individual natural components.