Samarium(II) triflate was readily prepared by the reaction of samarium(III) triflate with sec-butyllithium at room temperature in THF. Its reducing ability was examined by pinacol coupling of carbonyl compounds. Sm(OTf)2 mediated Grignard-type reaction in THF-HMPA effectively; alkylation and allylation of ketones or aldehydes by simple alkyl, allyl, and benzyl halides proceeded via organosamarium intermediates
三氟甲磺酸钐 (II) 很容易通过三氟甲磺酸钐 (III) 与仲丁基锂在室温下在 THF 中反应制备。通过羰基化合物的频哪醇偶联来检测其还原能力。Sm(OTf)2在THF-HMPA中有效介导格氏型反应;通过有机钐中间体通过简单的烷基、烯丙基和苄基卤化物对酮或醛进行烷基化和烯丙基化。
Cathodic Regioselective Coupling of Unactivated Aliphatic Ketones with Alkenes
A regioselective coupling of aliphatic ketones with alkenes has been realized by cathodic reduction. This reaction enables the formation of ketyl radicals and the activation of challenging alkenes under mild electrolysis conditions, providing an effective protocol for accessing diverse tertiary alcohols with substrate-dependent regioselectivity. The practicability of this reaction is demonstrated by
On treatment of a THF solution of Sm(OTf)(3) with 1 equiv of an organolithium or organomagnesium reagent-at ambient temperature, the purple or deep green solution of the divalent samarium triflate [Sm(OTf)(2)] was readily obtained. For this preparation, s-BuLi was the most effective as was evidenced by the reduction of a-phenylethyl iodide in the presence of HMPA. The Sm(OTf)(2) reagent mediated the Grignard-type reaction effectively in THF/HMPA; alkylation and allylation of ketones or aldehydes with alkyl, allyl, or benzyl halides proceeded via organosamarium intermediates. Diastereoselectivity of the samarium-Grignard reaction was examined using 2-methylcyclohexanone, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone, and 2-phenylpropanal and was found to be higher in each case than that with SmI2. With 2-methylcyclohexanone, for example, Sm(OTf)(2) gave the greatest ratio of axial alcohol:equatorial alcohol = 99:1, and SmI2 gave a ratio of 91:9. Halides containing an ester or a silyl group were reactive in the Reformatsky- or Peterson-type reaction, respectively, using the Sm(OTf)(2) reagent.
Ketone Coupling with Alkyl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides Using Thulium Diiodide: A More Powerful Version of SmI<sub>2</sub>(THF)<i><sub>x</sub></i>/HMPA