Radical Addition of Perfluoroalkyl Iodides to Alkenes and Alkynes Initiated by Sodium Dithionite in an Aqueous Solution in the Presence of a Novel Fluorosurfactant
fluoroalkylation to occur in the water without adding organic solvent. The addition of perfluoroalkyliodides with olefins and alkynes under the initiation of Na2S2O4 in water in the presence of the fluorosurfactant gave the corresponding adducts in good to excellent yields. The fluorosurfactant was suitable for a radical addition process.
制备并表征了一种新型的氟化阴离子表面活性剂Cl(CF 2)6 O(CF 2)2 SO 3 N(C 2 H 5)4。含氟表面活性剂的应用使氟烷基化在水中发生而无需添加有机溶剂。在含氟表面活性剂的存在下,在水中在Na 2 S 2 O 4的引发下,将全氟烷基碘化物与烯烃和炔烃加成,得到相应的加合物,收率良好或优异。含氟表面活性剂适用于自由基加成过程。
Mechanistic Insights into FLP‐Catalyzed Iodoperfluoroalkylations
The frustrated Lewis pair‐catalyzediodoperfluoroalkylation of olefins, its substrate activation mode, and catalyst degradation pathways are mechanistically investigated by kinetic measurements. The transformation most likely proceeds via coordination of the phosphane to the perfluoroalkyl iodide and involves radical intermediates.
The activation of perfluoroalkyl iodides by the frustratedLewispair tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane and tri‐tert‐butylphosphine is described. By abstraction of both a fluorine and an iodine atom, an iodophosphonium fluoroborate salt is formed. In the presence of alkenes the corresponding iodoperfluoroalkylation products are generated regioselectively. First mechanistic investigations support a radical
An efficient metal-free, photomediated iodo perfluoroalkylation under mild conditions was developed. Using catalytic amounts (10 mol %) of phosphines and blue light irradiation, various olefins are transformed into the corresponding addition products within short reaction times. For this purpose, a modular and convenient 3D printed photoreactor was constructed, which is presented as an open source model. The reaction presumably proceeds upon generation of perfluoroalkyl radicals, which are formed by catalyst-induced absorption enhancement.