脲(Urea),化学式为( \text{CO(NH}_2\right)_2 ),是一种有机化合物,由碳、氧、氮和氢四种元素组成。脲在常温下是无色晶体,在加热至133°C时会分解成二氧化碳和氨。它具有一定的水溶性,并且是许多生物体中蛋白质代谢的产物之一。
脲不仅是尿素的主要成分,也是重要的工业化学品之一。其主要用途包括:
在生物化学中,脲循环(Urea Cycle)是体内氨处理机制的一部分,对于维持酸碱平衡至关重要。此外,尿素也被用于研究细胞内蛋白质动态变化的工具之一,在分子生物学实验中较为常见。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 丙酰基脲 | Propionyl-harnstoff | 5426-52-8 | C4H8N2O2 |
| 丙烯脲 | 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one | 1852-17-1 | C4H8N2O |
| 丙炔基脲 | propargyl urea | 5221-62-5 | C4H6N2O |
| 三脲 | 'Dimethylentriharnstoff' | 15499-91-9 | C5H12N6O3 |
| Α-[3-(2-呋喃甲酰脲基)]苯乙酸 | alpha-[[[(2-Furanylcarbonyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]benzeneacetic acid | 89307-25-5 | C14H12N2O5 |
| [3(2,3-二氯苯基)]1,1-二甲基脲 | 3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea | 10290-37-6 | C9H10Cl2N2O |
| S-苄基异硫脲盐酸盐 | S-benzylisothiourea hydrochloride | 538-28-3 | C8H10N2S*ClH |
| S-甲基异硫脲盐酸盐 | S-methylisothiourea hydrochloride | 53114-57-1 | C2H6N2S*ClH |
| S-甲基异硫氨基脲盐酸盐 | S-methyl isothiosemicarbazide hydroiodide | 35600-34-1 | C2H8N3S*I |
| S-(1-氧-2-吡啶)-巯基-1,3-二甲基丙基脲四氟硼酸酯 | 2-(1,3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-ium-2-ylthio)pyridine N-oxide tetrafluoroborate | 367252-09-3 | C11H16BF4N3OS |
| O-甲基异脲盐酸盐 | o-methylisourea hydrochloride | 5329-33-9 | C2H6N2O*ClH |
| O-甲基异脲 半硫酸盐 | O-methylisourea hemisulfate | 52328-05-9 | C2H7N2O*HO4S |
| O-甲基异脲 | 2-methyl-isourea | 2440-60-0 | C2H6N2O |
| O-琥珀酰基-1,3-二甲基丙基脲四氟硼酸酯 | Tpd-osu | 443305-34-8 | C10H16BF4N3O3 |
| O-乙基-N,N'-二异丙基异脲 | N,N'-diisopropyl-O-ethylisourea | 60683-30-9 | C9H20N2O |
| O-[(乙氧基羰基)氰基甲胺]-N,N,N',N'-四甲基硫脲六氟磷酸盐(HOTU) | HOTU; O-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)cyanomethylenamino]-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate | 333717-40-1 | C10H17F6N4O3P |
| O,N,N'-三异丙基异脲 | N,N'-diisopropyl-O-isopropylisourea | 63460-32-2 | C10H22N2O |
| N-甲酸基脲 | formylurea | 1190-24-5 | C2H4N2O2 |
| N-甲氧羰基-O-甲基异脲 | methyl (iminomethoxymethyl)carbamate | 40943-37-1 | C4H8N2O3 |
| N-甲基脲 | N-Methylurea | 598-50-5 | C2H6N2O |
| N-亚硝基-N-乙基脲 | 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea | 759-73-9 | C3H7N3O2 |
| N-丁基脲 | 1-butyl-urea | 592-31-4 | C5H12N2O |
| N-[2-(4-硝基苯基)乙基]-N’-正丙基脲 | 1-(4-nitrophenethyl)-3-propylurea | 149340-93-2 | C12H17N3O3 |
| N-(三甲基硅基)脲 | [N-(trimethylsilyl)methyl]urea | 5663-03-6 | C5H14N2OSi |
| N-(4-甲氧基苄基)脲 | p-methoxybenzylurea | 54582-35-3 | C9H12N2O2 |
| N-(3-溴苯基)-N'-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-脲 | 1-(3-bromo-phenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-urea | 1036990-21-2 | C9H8BrF3N2O |
| N,N’-双(甲氧基甲基)脲 | N,N'-bis(methoxymethyl)urea | 141-07-1 | C5H12N2O3 |
| N,N’-二苯基-N-(三甲硅基)脲 | N-trimethylsilyl-N,N'-diphenylurea | 1154-84-3 | C16H20N2OSi |
| N,N-亚甲基二脲 | methylenediurea | 13547-17-6 | C3H8N4O2 |
| N,N-二甲基脲 | 1,1-Dimethylurea | 598-94-7 | C3H8N2O |
| N,N-二环己脲 | 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea | 2387-23-7 | C13H24N2O |
| N,N'-二(3-异氰酸-4-甲基苯基)脲 | <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bis-(3-isocyanato-4-methyl-phenyl)-urea | 5206-52-0 | C17H14N4O3 |
| N,N'-(1S,2S)-1,2-环己二基双[N'-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]硫脲] | 1,1'-((1S,2S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diyl)bis(3-(3,5bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiourea) | 1140969-69-2 | C24H20F12N4S2 |
| N,N',N'',N'''-四氯甘脲 | 1,3,4,6-tetrachloroglycoluril | 776-19-2 | C4H2Cl4N4O2 |
| Cytochrome鎐frompigeonbreastmuscle | N-Ethylurea | 625-52-5 | C3H8N2O |
| 5-羟基-2,4-咪唑烷二酮 | 5-hydroxy-hydantoin | 29410-13-7 | C3H4N2O3 |
| 5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因 | 5,5-diphenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one | 21083-47-6 | C15H12N2OS |
| 4-苯氧基-2,6-二异丙基苯基硫脲 | N-(4-phenoxy-2,6-diisopropylphenyl)thiourea | 135252-10-7 | C19H24N2OS |
| 4-苯基脲唑 | 4-Phenylurazole | 15988-11-1 | C8H7N3O2 |
| 4-苯基氨基脲 盐酸盐 | 4-phenylsemicarbazide hydrochloride | 5441-14-5 | C7H9N3O*ClH |
| 4-苯基氨基脲 | 4-phenyl-semicarbazide | 537-47-3 | C7H9N3O |
| 4-苯基-3-硫代氨基脲 | 4-Phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide | 5351-69-9 | C7H9N3S |
| 4-羟基苯(甲)醛硫代缩氨基脲 | 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone | 5339-74-2 | C8H9N3OS |
| 4-溴苯基脲 | 4-bromophenylurea | 1967-25-5 | C7H7BrN2O |
| 4-氟苯脲 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)urea | 659-30-3 | C7H7FN2O |
| 4-乙基-3-硫代氨基脲 | N-ethylthiosemicarbazide | 13431-34-0 | C3H9N3S |
| 4,4-二苯氨基脲 | N,N-diphenyl semicarbazide | 603-51-0 | C13H13N3O |
| 4,4-二甲基-3-氨基硫脲单水合物 | 4,4-dimethylthiosemicarbazide | 6926-58-5 | C3H9N3S |
| 4,4'氧代双苯磺酰氨基脲 | 4,4'-Bis-(sulfonylsemicarbazido)-diphenylether | 10195-67-2 | C14H16N6O7S2 |
| 3-羟基苯基脲 | 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)urea | 701-82-6 | C7H8N2O2 |