脲(Urea),化学式为( \text{CO(NH}_2\right)_2 ),是一种有机化合物,由碳、氧、氮和氢四种元素组成。脲在常温下是无色晶体,在加热至133°C时会分解成二氧化碳和氨。它具有一定的水溶性,并且是许多生物体中蛋白质代谢的产物之一。
脲不仅是尿素的主要成分,也是重要的工业化学品之一。其主要用途包括:
在生物化学中,脲循环(Urea Cycle)是体内氨处理机制的一部分,对于维持酸碱平衡至关重要。此外,尿素也被用于研究细胞内蛋白质动态变化的工具之一,在分子生物学实验中较为常见。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 间甲苯脲 | 3-methylphenylurea | 63-99-0 | C8H10N2O |
| 重氮烷基脲 | diazolidinyl urea | 78491-02-8 | C8H14N4O7 |
| 邻甲苯基脲 | N-(2-methylphenyl)urea | 614-77-7 | C8H10N2O |
| 苯磺酰氨基脲 | Benzolsulfonyl-diazancarboxamid | 10195-68-3 | C7H9N3O3S |
| 苯异硫脲基乙酸 | 2-[(phenylcarbamothioyl)amino]acetic acid | 2215-20-5 | C9H10N2O2S |
| 苯基脲 | phenyl carbamate | 64-10-8 | C7H8N2O |
| 苯基硫代乙内酰脲-天冬氨酸 | acide 3-phenyl 2-thio-5-hydantoine acetique | 5624-13-5 | C11H10N2O3S |
| 苯乙酮缩氨基脲 | acetophenone semicarbazone | 2492-30-0 | C9H11N3O |
| 苯丁酰脲 | pheneturide | 90-49-3 | C11H14N2O2 |
| 苄脲 | benzylurea | 538-32-9 | C8H10N2O |
| 脒基脲磷酸盐 | carbamoyl-guanidine; phosphate | 36897-89-9 | C2H6N4O*H3O4P |
| 脒基脲硫酸盐 | amidinourea sulphate | 5338-16-9 | C2H6N4O*H2O4S |
| 联二脲 | hydrazodicarboxamide | 110-21-4 | C2H6N4O2 |
| 美他己脲 | Metahexamide | 565-33-3 | C14H21N3O3S |
| 缩二脲 | BIURET | 108-19-0 | C2H5N3O2 |
| 缩三脲 | triuret | 556-99-0 | C3H6N4O3 |
| 硫脲-S,S-二氧化物 | thiourea S,S-dioxide | 4189-44-0 | CH4N2O2S |
| 盐酸丁卡因-D6 | Tetracaine-D6 hcl (N,N-dimethyl-D6) | 80404-52-0 | C15H25ClN2O2 |
| 甲酰乙内脲 | 1-methyldiazolidine-2,4-dione | 616-04-6 | C4H6N2O2 |
| 甲氧基异尿素硫酸单甲酯盐 | O-methylisouronium methylsulfate | 51542-23-5 | CH4O4S*C2H6N2O |
| 甲基亚硝基脲 | 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea | 684-93-5 | C2H5N3O2 |
| 甘脲 | glycoluril | 496-46-8 | C4H6N4O2 |
| 烯丙基脲 | allylurea | 557-11-9 | C4H8N2O |
| 烯丙基异丙基乙酸脲 | Apronal | 528-92-7 | C9H16N2O2 |
| 氰基甲基脲 | cyanomethylurea | 5962-07-2 | C3H5N3O |
| 氰乙酰脲 | N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-cyano-acetamide | 1448-98-2 | C4H5N3O2 |
| 氨乙基(硫脲基荧光素) | 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-5-yl)thiourea | 75453-82-6 | C23H19N3O5S |
| 氟-N,N,N',N'-四甲基甲酰胺六氟磷酸盐 | Fluoro-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylformamidinium hexafluorophosphate | 164298-23-1 | C5H12F7N2P |
| 格列美脲杂质J | 1-((4-(2-Aminoethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)urea | 41176-98-1 | C16H25N3O3S |
| 异烟醛缩氨基脲 | pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde semicarbazone | 5526-59-0 | C7H8N4O |
| 异氰脲酸三甲酯 | 1,3,5-trimethyltriazine-2,4,6-trione | 827-16-7 | C6H9N3O3 |
| 异丁基脲 | isobutyl urea | 592-17-6 | C5H12N2O |
| 异丁叉二脲 | isobutylidene diurea | 6104-30-9 | C6H14N4O2 |
| 尿素 | urea hydrochloride | 506-89-8 | CH5N2O*Cl |
| 对甲苯磺酰丙酮腙 | N<sup>4</sup>-(4-Toluenesulfonyl)semicarbazide | 10396-10-8 | C8H11N3O3S |
| 对甲苯基脲 | p-tolylurea | 622-51-5 | C8H10N2O |
| 四乙酰甘脲 | tetraacetylglycoluril | 10543-60-9 | C12H14N4O6 |
| 四乙基脲 | N,N,N',N'-tetraethylurea | 1187-03-7 | C9H20N2O |
| 四乙基氢氧化铵 | tetraethylammonium hydroxide | 77-98-5 | C8H20N*HO |
| 咪唑烷基脲 | Germall 115 | 39236-46-9 | C11H16N8O8 |
| 叔丁脲 | 1,1-dimethylethylurea | 1118-12-3 | C5H12N2O |
| 双阿脲 | Alloxantin | 76-24-4 | C8H6N4O8 |
| 双苯基脲 | bis(diphenyl)urea | 102-07-8 | C13H12N2O |
| 原-格列美脲 | 1-((2-(2-(((3-Ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)urea | 878480-70-7 | C24H34N4O5S |
| 优降糖杂质E | Glyburide Impurity E | 57334-89-1 | C23H27Cl2N3O5S |
| 仲丁基脲 | sec-butyl urea | 689-11-2 | C5H12N2O |
| 亚丙基二异硫脲鎓二溴化物 | [Amino-[3-[amino(azaniumylidene)methyl]sulfanylpropylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium;dibromide | 5442-32-0 | C5H14Br2N4S2 |
| 二甲基乙内酰脲甲醛树脂 | 5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione;formaldehyde | 26811-08-5 | C6H10N2O3 |
| 乙酰脲 | acetylurea | 591-07-1 | C3H6N2O2 |
| 乙酰硫代氨基脲 | 1-acetylthiosemicarbazide | 2302-88-7 | C3H7N3OS |