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硝基脲 | 556-89-8

中文名称
硝基脲
中文别名
硝脲
英文名称
nitrourea
英文别名
Nitroharnstoff
硝基脲化学式
CAS
556-89-8
化学式
CH3N3O3
mdl
MFCD00039768
分子量
105.053
InChiKey
CMUOJBJRZUHRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    158.5 ºC (DEC.)
  • 沸点:
    197.01°C (rough estimate)
  • 密度:
    1.557±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • 物理描述:
    Nitrourea appears as a colorless to white crystalline powder solid. Mildly sensitive to heat and shock. An extremely powerful explosive. Decomposes to emit toxic nitrogen oxide fumes. May explode under exposure to intense heat or fire. Primary hazard is blast of an instantaneous explosion, not flying projectiles or fragments.

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -0.9
  • 重原子数:
    7
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    101
  • 氢给体数:
    2
  • 氢受体数:
    3

安全信息

  • 危险等级:
    1.1D
  • 安全说明:
    S17,S36/37/39,S45
  • 包装等级:
    II
  • 危险类别:
    1.1
  • 储存条件:
    请将物品轻装轻放,并确保库房通风良好,远离明火、高温和直射阳光。同时,要与氧化剂和易燃物分开存放。

SDS

SDS:cfeeeef796b2ab5129e96b4a776320c1
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制备方法与用途

硝基脲的应用

硝基脲广泛应用于有机合成和生化研究。它由硝酸脲与硫酸反应制得,具有特定的电子结构,能够参与多种形式的化学反应,在医药、炸药、发泡剂及多种添加剂的制备中发挥着重要作用。

制备方法

微通道反应器制备硝基脲的方法包括以下步骤:

  1. 物料准备:尿素、浓硫酸和浓硝酸作为原料,分别通入微通道反应器的各直通道模块中进行换热至反应温度。外部换热器控制设定温度,换热介质为导热油。
  2. 第一步:制备硫酸脲的硫酸溶液:将尿素加入浓硫酸,配制成尿素-浓硫酸悬浮液(摩尔比1:1~1:10)。通过换热模块和混合模块,使尿素溶解于硫酸中,形成硫酸脲的硫酸溶液。
  3. 第二步:硫酸脲的硝化反应:控制硫酸脲与硝酸的摩尔比为1:0.8~1:20,调整硫酸脲的硫酸溶液流速(2~50mL/min)和硝酸流速(0.2~100mL/min)。通过计量泵同步进入增强传质型模块中进行混合反应。外部换热器控制混合温度。
  4. 后处理:反应结束后,产物经一系列增强传质型模块及直流型微通道模块传输。反应停留时间为第一步(20~100s)时-5~30℃,第二步(50~150s)时-5~20℃。
    • 将反应混合物直接流入装有冰水的分离器中,边加料边搅拌,固体不断析出。停止加料后继续搅拌10min,过滤、洗涤,并在30℃下减压干燥5h,最终得白色结晶性粉末,收率为90%~98%,熔点为157~159℃。
化学性质

硝基脲为白色结晶性粉末。其熔点为159℃(分解),可溶于醇、醚、丙酮和乙酸,微溶于水。该品对撞击和热极为敏感。

用途

用于有机合成和生化研究。

生产方法

将700mL浓硫酸冷却至-3℃,分次加入200g干燥的粉状硝酸脲(温度不超过0℃),然后将反应物倒在1kg碎冰上。过滤后用冷水洗涤滤饼,并在常温下干燥,最终得到120~150g硝基脲。

类别

爆炸物品

危险特性
  • 高热、震动、撞击或摩擦可引发爆燃
  • 受热分解产生有毒氧化氮气体
储运特性

轻装轻放;库房需通风,远离明火、高温和阳光。与氧化剂及易燃物分开存放。

灭火剂

雾状水、泡沫

上下游信息

  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Davis; Blanchard, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1795
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    potassium nitrocyanamide 在 硫酸 作用下, 以5.8 g的产率得到硝基脲
    参考文献:
    名称:
    强无机酸中硝基氰的形成与分解
    摘要:
    Nitrourea is the major product of acid-catalyzed decomposition of nitrocyanamide. Study of the kinetics of this process in aqueous sulfuric and nitric acid unexpectedly revealed a fairly high resistance of nitrocyanamide to acids, so that it can be synthesized not only in alkaline but also in strongly acid media.
    DOI:
    10.1023/a:1021639410066
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    4-硝基甲苯硝基脲硫酸 作用下, 反应 24.0h, 以99%的产率得到2,4-二硝基甲苯
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Urea nitrate and nitrourea: powerful and regioselective aromatic nitration agents
    摘要:
    Urea nitrate (UN) and nitrourea (NU), easily prepared from urea and nitric acid, convert deactivated aromatic compounds to the corresponding nitrated derivatives with a high yield and a high regioselectivity under very mild conditions. The performance of the two reagents is quite similar indicating that NU is an intermediate in the UN nitration process. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI:
    10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.10.027
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文献信息

  • 1-subsituted-4-pentafluorophenoxypiperidines
    申请人:Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
    公开号:US05192776A1
    公开(公告)日:1993-03-09
    Carbonyl derivatives of 4-pentafluorophenoxypiperidines and methods for treating convulsions, depression, and hypertension utilizing compounds or compositions thereof are disclosed.
    4-五氟苯氧哌啶的羰基衍生物以及利用这些化合物或组合物治疗惊厥、抑郁症和高血压的方法被揭示。
  • Metal-free oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides using guanidinium nitrate or nitro urea in the presence of silica sulfuric acid
    作者:ARASH GHORBANI-CHOGHAMARANI、MOHSEN NIKOORAZM、HAMID GOUDARZIAFSHAR、ALIREZA SHOKR、HOSEIN ALMASI
    DOI:10.1007/s12039-011-0094-3
    日期:2011.7
    Efficient combination of nitro urea or guanidinium nitrate and silica sulfuric acid (SiO2OSO3H) as a new oxidizing system is able to oxidize a variety of aliphatic or aromatic thiols to the corresponding disulfides. The process reported here is operationally simple, environmentally benign and reactions have been mildly and heterogeneously performed in dichloromethane at room temperature. Environmentally
    硝基尿素或硝酸胍和硅酸(SiO 2 OSO 3 H)的有效结合可作为一种新型氧化系统,能够将多种脂族或芳族硫醇氧化为相应的二硫化物。本文报道的过程操作简单,对环境无害,并且反应在室温下在二氯甲烷中进行的反应温和且不均一。 已经提出了对环境无害且无金属的方法,用于将多种硫醇通用转化为相应的二硫化物。
  • Ammonium bromide as an effective and viable catalyst in the oxidation of sulfides using nitro urea and silica sulfuric acid
    作者:A. Ghorbani-Choghamarani、P. Zamani
    DOI:10.1007/bf03246211
    日期:2011.3
    A new catalytic method for the chemoselective oxidation of sulfides to the sulfoxides has been studied. A variety of dialkyl, alkylaryl and diaryl sulfides were subjected to the oxidation reaction by a mixture of nitro urea, derived from urea nitrate, silica sulfuric acid (SiO2-OSO3H) and catalytic amounts of ammonium bromide in CH2Cl2 at room temperature.
    研究了一种新的催化方法,用于将硫化物化学选择性氧化为亚砜。各种二烷基,烷基芳基和二芳基硫化物通过衍生自硝酸尿素的硝基脲,二氧化硅硫酸(SiO 2 -OSO 3 H)和催化量的溴化铵在CH 2 Cl 2中的混合物进行氧化反应。室内温度。
  • Method of treating muscular tension, muscle spasticity and anxiety with
    申请人:A. H. Robins Company, Incorporated
    公开号:US05183902A1
    公开(公告)日:1993-02-02
    A method of treating animals to obtain muscle relaxation and/or to relieve anxiety is disclosed utilizing novel and known 3-aryloxy and 3-arylthioazetidinecarboxamides having the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is oxygen or sulfur; B is oxygen or sulfur; Ar is pyridyl or halo substituted pyridyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, loweralkyl, aryl, allyl groups, propargyl, cycloalkyl, loweralkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkylloweralkyl, arylloweralkyl and diloweralkylaminoalkyl, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 when taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom may form a heterocyclic amine radical; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, loweralkyl, aryl or arylloweralkyl, and the geometrical isomers thereof and pharmaceutical salts thereof and hydrates thereof when they are possible.
    披露了一种利用具有以下结构式的新型和已知的3-芳氧基和3-芳硫基氮杂环丙酰胺来治疗动物以获得肌肉松弛和/或缓解焦虑的方法:##STR1## 其中Z为氧或硫;B为氧或硫;Ar为吡啶基或卤代吡啶基,苯基或取代苯基;R.sup.1和R.sup.2为氢、较低烷基、芳基、烯丙基、丙炔基、环烷基、较低烷基环烷基、环烷基较低烷基、芳基较低烷基和二较低烷氨基烷基,当R.sup.1和R.sup.2与相邻的氮原子一起时,可能形成杂环胺基;R.sup.3为氢、较低烷基、芳基或芳基较低烷基,以及它们的几何异构体和药用盐以及可能的水合物。
  • 3-aryloxy and 3-arylthioazetidinecarboxamides as anticonvulsants and
    申请人:A. H. Robins Company, Inc.
    公开号:US04956359A1
    公开(公告)日:1990-09-11
    Novel 3-aryloxy and 3-arylthioazetidinecarboxamides having utility in a method of treating convulsions and epilepsy and compositions therefor are disclosed having the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is oxygen or sulfur; B is oxygen or sulfur; Ar is pyridyl or halo-substituted-pyridyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are selected from hydrogen, loweralkyl, aryl, allyl, substituted allyl, propargyl, cycloalkyl, loweralkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkylloweralkyl, arylloweralkyl, diloweralkylaminoloweralkyl, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 when taken with the adjacent nitrogen atom may form a heterocyclic radical; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, loweralkyl, aryl or arylloweralkyl, and the geometrical isomers thereof, excepting that when R.sup.3 is hydrogen, Z is oxygen, B is oxygen, and Ar is phenyl or phenyl substituted by trifluoromethyl or aminocarbonyl, then R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 cannot be a combination of hydrogen and loweralkyl, and the further exception that when R.sup.3 is hydrogen, Z is oxygen, B is oxygen, and Ar is phenyl or phenyl substituted by fluoro, loweralkyl, loweralkoxy, trifluoromethyl, acetyl, or aminocarbonyl, then R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 cannot both be hydrogen.
    揭示了在治疗癫痫和癫痫发作的方法中具有实用性的新型3-芳氧基和3-芳硫基氮杂环丙酮酰胺及其组合物,其化学式为:##STR1## 其中Z为氧或硫;B为氧或硫;Ar为吡啶基或卤代吡啶基、苯基或取代苯基;R.sup.1和R.sup.2选自氢、较低烷基、芳基、烯丙基、取代烯丙基、丙炔基、环烷基、较低烷基环烷基、环烷基较低烷基、芳基较低烷基、二较低烷基氨基较低烷基,且当R.sup.1和R.sup.2与相邻的氮原子结合时可形成杂环基;R.sup.3为氢、较低烷基、芳基或芳基较低烷基及其几何异构体,但当R.sup.3为氢时,Z为氧,B为氧,Ar为苯基或三氟甲基或氨基羰基取代的苯基时,R.sup.1和R.sup.2不能同时为氢和较低烷基的组合,另外当R.sup.3为氢时,Z为氧,B为氧,Ar为苯基或氟代、较低烷基、较低氧烷基、三氟甲基、乙酰基或氨基羰基取代的苯基时,R.sup.1和R.sup.2不能同时为氢。
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