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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物

    生物

    生物

    生物是地球上生命存在的形式，包括动物、植物、微生物等多样化的物种。从化学角度来看，生物体由复杂的分子构成，这些分子如蛋白质、核酸（DNA和RNA）、碳水化合物和脂质，在生命活动中扮演着关键角色。

    • 蛋白质：作为细胞内的重要执行者，承担着催化生化反应、物质运输、信号传递等多种功能。
    • 核酸：负责遗传信息的储存与传输，是生物体自我复制及基因表达调控的基础。
    • 碳水化合物：为生命活动提供能量，同时参与细胞识别等生物学过程。
    • 脂质：构成细胞膜结构的主要成分，并在能量存储、信号转导等方面发挥重要作用。

    生物化学研究不仅揭示了这些基本分子如何相互作用以维持生命的复杂性，还探索了它们在疾病发生发展中的角色。随着合成生物学的发展，科学家们能够设计和构建新的生物分子或系统，进一步推动生物医药技术的进步，为治疗多种疾病提供了新的可能性。

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    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— meso-tetrakis-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin 37083-37-7 C44H22Cl8N4
    meso-tetrakis-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin
    —— potassium hexahydroxoplatinate 12285-90-4 H6O6Pt*2K
    potassium hexahydroxoplatinate
    —— 3-methylamino-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiazin-2-one oxime hydrochloride 112233-23-5 C5H9N3OS*ClH
    3-methylamino-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiazin-2-one oxime hydrochloride
    —— dirhodium tetracetate dihydrate 29998-99-0 C8H16O10Rh2
    dirhodium tetracetate dihydrate
    —— 8-bromo-4-hydroxy-1-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridazino[4,5-b]quinoline 5-oxide 202808-11-5 C11H6BrN3O3
    8-bromo-4-hydroxy-1-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridazino[4,5-b]quinoline 5-oxide
    —— tetracyclo[6.2.1.13,6.02,7]dodeca-4-ene 21635-90-5 C12H16
    tetracyclo[6.2.1.13,6.02,7]dodeca-4-ene
    —— O-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-9-yl dithiocarbonate potassium salt 83373-60-8 C11H15OS2*K
    O-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-9-yl dithiocarbonate potassium salt
    —— 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-, sodium salt (1:2) 1887-02-1 C6H4NaO6
    2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-, sodium salt (1:2)
    —— atosiban acetate 914453-95-5 C2H4O2*C43H67N11O12S2
    atosiban acetate
    —— Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-, sodium salt (1:1) 131-61-3 C6H2Cl4NaO+
    Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-, sodium salt (1:1)
    —— Tetroquinone disodium derivative 1887-02-1 C6H4NaO6+
    Tetroquinone disodium derivative
    —— Disodium sebacate 17265-14-4 C10H16Na2O4
    Disodium sebacate
    —— [(1S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate 130468-11-0 C25H36O6
    [(1S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— Tyr-gly-gly-phe-met-arg-gly-leu 80501-44-6 C41H61N11O10S
    Tyr-gly-gly-phe-met-arg-gly-leu
    —— Einecs 249-772-2 29681-21-8 C9H20O4
    Einecs 249-772-2
    —— 2,5-Furandione, dihydro-3-(tetradecenyl)- 33806-58-5 C18H30O3
    2,5-Furandione, dihydro-3-(tetradecenyl)-
    —— 4-Bromo-A-23187 76455-48-6 C29H36BrN3O6
    4-Bromo-A-23187
    —— (4alpha,4Abeta,8abeta)-octahydro-4,8a-dimethyl-4a(2H)-naphthol 5173-70-6 C12H22O
    (4alpha,4Abeta,8abeta)-octahydro-4,8a-dimethyl-4a(2H)-naphthol
    —— N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]leucylleucine 7801-71-0 C20H30N2O5
    N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]leucylleucine
    —— cis-3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl acetate 24691-16-5 C11H20O2
    cis-3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl acetate
    —— Ferrous nicotinate 10361-13-4 C12H8FeN2O4
    Ferrous nicotinate
    —— (-)-Isoproterenol (+)-bitartrate salt 14638-70-1 C15H23NO9
    (-)-Isoproterenol (+)-bitartrate salt
    —— Bithionolate sodium 6385-58-6 C12H4Cl4Na2O2S
    Bithionolate sodium
    —— Einecs 200-684-2 68-34-8 C13H13NO2S
    Einecs 200-684-2
    —— Felipresina 56-59-7 C46H65N13O11S2
    Felipresina
    —— 2-Amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate 1670-26-4 C23H49N2O5P
    2-Amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate
    —— β-Methoxy-α-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyliden)-propionitril 7520-69-6 C14H17NO4
    β-Methoxy-α-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyliden)-propionitril
    —— 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclopentyl)urea 64218-24-2 C8H14ClN3O6
    1-(2-Chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclopentyl)urea
    —— 3-amino-4,6-diphenyl-thieno[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid 58327-77-8 C20H14N2O2S
    3-amino-4,6-diphenyl-thieno[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— PSN-GK1 745051-61-0 C20H23FN2O4S2
    PSN-GK1
    —— (R,Z)-Butyl 12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate 151-13-3 C22H42O3
    (R,Z)-Butyl 12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate
    —— Fmoc-D-Tyr(OAll)-OH 204269-35-2 C27H25NO5
    Fmoc-D-Tyr(OAll)-OH
    —— triisopropyl benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 1528-53-6 C18H24O6
    triisopropyl benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate
    —— (-)-bis(neomenthylindenyl)zirconium dichloride 148347-88-0 C38H50Cl2Zr
    (-)-bis(neomenthylindenyl)zirconium dichloride
    —— 1-Ethoxy-1-cis-hex-3-enoxy-ethan 28069-74-1 C10H20O2
    1-Ethoxy-1-cis-hex-3-enoxy-ethan
    —— N-acetyl-PGP 292171-04-1 C14H21N3O5
    N-acetyl-PGP
    —— Voacangarine 545-84-6 C22H28N2O4
    Voacangarine
    —— histidylglycine 2578-58-7 C8H12N4O3
    histidylglycine
    —— endo-5,6-Trimethylen-2-norbornanon 13380-94-4 C10H14O
    endo-5,6-Trimethylen-2-norbornanon
    —— exo-Trimethylen-norbornanon-(2) 13380-94-4 C10H14O
    exo-Trimethylen-norbornanon-(2)
    —— 1,1,3e-Trimethylcyclohexan 3073-66-3 C9H18
    1,1,3e-Trimethylcyclohexan
    —— 2,4,6-trivinylcycloboroxane pyridine complex 95010-17-6 C11H14B3NO3
    2,4,6-trivinylcycloboroxane pyridine complex
    —— aeroplysinin-1 28656-91-9 C9H9Br2NO3
    aeroplysinin-1
    —— cholecalciferol 22350-41-0 C27H44O
    cholecalciferol
    —— (+)-(3R)-2,2,3-Tribrombutan 62127-47-3 C4H7Br3
    (+)-(3R)-2,2,3-Tribrombutan
    —— 1-t-butoxycarbonyl-4,4'-aminophenylpiperazine hydrochloride 1187930-99-9 C15H23N3O2*ClH
    1-t-butoxycarbonyl-4,4'-aminophenylpiperazine hydrochloride
    —— Xanthylium, 3-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-6-[(2,6-dimethylsulfophenyl)amino]-9-(2-sulfophenyl)-, inner salt, sodium salt (1:1) 12220-28-9 C35H29N2NaO7S2
    Xanthylium, 3-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-6-[(2,6-dimethylsulfophenyl)amino]-9-(2-sulfophenyl)-, inner salt, sodium salt (1:1)
    —— trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene 4'-O-β-D-(6-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside 64898-03-9 C27H26O12
    trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene 4'-O-β-D-(6-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside
    —— 2,4,7-Undecatrienal nitrosohydrazone 76896-80-5 C11H17N3O
    2,4,7-Undecatrienal nitrosohydrazone
    —— cis,trans,trans-3,3,5-Trimethyl-cyclohexylamin 15901-42-5 C9H19N
    cis,trans,trans-3,3,5-Trimethyl-cyclohexylamin