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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物

    生物

    生物

    生物是地球上生命存在的形式，包括动物、植物、微生物等多样化的物种。从化学角度来看，生物体由复杂的分子构成，这些分子如蛋白质、核酸（DNA和RNA）、碳水化合物和脂质，在生命活动中扮演着关键角色。

    • 蛋白质：作为细胞内的重要执行者，承担着催化生化反应、物质运输、信号传递等多种功能。
    • 核酸：负责遗传信息的储存与传输，是生物体自我复制及基因表达调控的基础。
    • 碳水化合物：为生命活动提供能量，同时参与细胞识别等生物学过程。
    • 脂质：构成细胞膜结构的主要成分，并在能量存储、信号转导等方面发挥重要作用。

    生物化学研究不仅揭示了这些基本分子如何相互作用以维持生命的复杂性，还探索了它们在疾病发生发展中的角色。随着合成生物学的发展，科学家们能够设计和构建新的生物分子或系统，进一步推动生物医药技术的进步，为治疗多种疾病提供了新的可能性。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    (-)-单-(1R)-薄荷基邻苯二甲酸酯 (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthyl (2-carboxy)benzoate 33744-74-0 C18H24O4
    (-)-单-(1R)-薄荷基邻苯二甲酸酯
    (+/-)-3-(2-羧基哌嗪-4-基)-丙基-1-磷酸 4-(3-phosphonopropyl)-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid 100828-16-8 C8H17N2O5P
    (+/-)-3-(2-羧基哌嗪-4-基)-丙基-1-磷酸
    (+)生物素-N-琥珀酰亚胺基酯 biotin N-Hydroxysuccinimide ester 35013-72-0 C14H19N3O5S
    (+)生物素-N-琥珀酰亚胺基酯
    (+)-氯甲基异薄荷基醚 (1R,2S,4R)-2-(Chloromethoxy)-4-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexane 144177-48-0 C11H21ClO
    (+)-氯甲基异薄荷基醚
    (+)-异丙基肾上腺素(+)酒石酸氢盐 (+)-isoproterenol (+)-bitartrate salt 14638-70-1 2C4H6O6*C11H17NO3
    (+)-异丙基肾上腺素(+)酒石酸氢盐
    (+)-N,N-二烯丙基酒石酸二酰胺 (-)-N,N-diallyltartramide 28843-34-7 C10H16N2O4
    (+)-N,N-二烯丙基酒石酸二酰胺
    (+)-(3aR,4R,5r,6aS)-六氢-5-羟基-4-[(1E,3R)-3-羟基-4-(3-三氟甲基)苯氧基-1-丁烯基]-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮 (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-hydroxy-4-[(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]but-1-en-1-yl]-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 53872-60-9 C18H19F3O5
    (+)-(3aR,4R,5r,6aS)-六氢-5-羟基-4-[(1E,3R)-3-羟基-4-(3-三氟甲基)苯氧基-1-丁烯基]-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮
    (+)-(3R,7aS)-四氢-3-苯基-3H,5H-吡咯并[1,2-c]噁唑-5-酮 (3R,7aS)-3-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-5-one 103201-79-2 C12H13NO2
    (+)-(3R,7aS)-四氢-3-苯基-3H,5H-吡咯并[1,2-c]噁唑-5-酮
    ((E)-9-(丙-1-烯基)-9H-嘌呤-6-胺) 9-propenyladenine 4121-40-8 C8H9N5
    ((E)-9-(丙-1-烯基)-9H-嘌呤-6-胺)
    —— N-[5-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-3-methyl-2-[(3-methylphenyl)carbamoylamino]pentanamide 5984-58-7 C22H24BrN5O2S
    N-[5-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-3-methyl-2-[(3-methylphenyl)carbamoylamino]pentanamide
    —— 7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(3R)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]-5-heptenoic acid 57968-81-7 C22H29ClO6
    7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(3R)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]-5-heptenoic acid
    —— Trifluoromethyl 2-ethylbenzoate 31083-13-3 C10H9F3O2
    Trifluoromethyl 2-ethylbenzoate
    —— 11β,17α-Dihydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-on-17-carbonsaeure 37927-29-0 C20H26O5
    11β,17α-Dihydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-on-17-carbonsaeure
    —— 18-hydroxy-11,17-dimethoxy-yohimbane-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester 2901-66-8 C23H30N2O5
    18-hydroxy-11,17-dimethoxy-yohimbane-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— eliapixant 1948229-21-7 C22H21F3N4O3S
    eliapixant
    —— (2S)-3-Amino-2-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid 959580-94-0 C25H20F3NO4
    (2S)-3-Amino-2-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid
    —— Dehydroabietylamin 1446-61-3 C20H31N
    Dehydroabietylamin
    —— Harmalol lactate 6028-08-6 C15H18N2O4
    Harmalol lactate
    —— Fmoc-L-Hgn(Trt)-OH 1263046-43-0 C40H36N2O5
    Fmoc-L-Hgn(Trt)-OH
    —— cis-3-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino) cyclobutanecarboxylic acid 1008773-79-2 C10H17NO4
    cis-3-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino) cyclobutanecarboxylic acid
    —— 4-Fluorotropacocaine 172883-97-5 C15H18FNO2
    4-Fluorotropacocaine
    —— 1-(2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine 113698-83-2 C14H22N2O3*2ClH
    1-(2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine
    —— [Cu(phen)(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] 19319-88-1 C12H8CuN4O6
    [Cu(phen)(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]
    —— (alphaR,betaR)-alpha-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-5-fluoro-beta-methyl-alpha-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-pyrimidineethanol 239807-03-5 C16H14F3N5O
    (alphaR,betaR)-alpha-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-5-fluoro-beta-methyl-alpha-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-pyrimidineethanol
    —— 3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)morpholine hydrochloride 1171560-33-0 C11H16ClNO2
    3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)morpholine hydrochloride
    —— Perchloric acid,strontium salt (2:1) 13450-97-0 ClHO4Sr
    Perchloric acid,strontium salt (2:1)
    —— 1-β-Naphthyl-3-isopropylamino-propan-1-on 58753-54-1 C16H19NO
    1-β-Naphthyl-3-isopropylamino-propan-1-on
    —— 3,5-diamino-6-chloro-N-((E)-N'-(4-((E)-phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)carbamimidoyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide 1620951-72-5 C18H16ClN9O
    3,5-diamino-6-chloro-N-((E)-N'-(4-((E)-phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)carbamimidoyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide
    —— Acth (1-17) 7266-47-9 C95H145N29O23S
    Acth (1-17)
    —— Formaldehyde sodium bisulfite hemihydrate 63148-74-3 C2H8Na2O9S2
    Formaldehyde sodium bisulfite hemihydrate
    —— N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys 71901-21-8 C43H65N7O9
    N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys
    —— Acid Anthracene Red G 1836-22-2 C17H12N2NaO9S2+
    Acid Anthracene Red G
    —— Pubchem_71312113 167114-91-2 C65H114N20O21
    Pubchem_71312113
    —— 1-methylhistamine dihydrochloride 6481-48-7 C6H11N3*2ClH
    1-methylhistamine dihydrochloride
    —— (4-iodophenyl)triphenylmethane 205384-30-1 C25H19I
    (4-iodophenyl)triphenylmethane
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid 63555-63-5 C35H61N13O10
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid
    —— trans-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid 939400-34-7 C10H17NO4
    trans-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— 5H-Pyrano(3,2-c)quinolin-5-one, 2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-6-(phenylmethyl)-, trans- 139232-80-7 C25H26N2O4
    5H-Pyrano(3,2-c)quinolin-5-one, 2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-6-(phenylmethyl)-, trans-
    —— 2-[(1R,3aS,4E,7aR)-4-[(2E)-2-[(3S,5R)-3,5-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2-methylidenecyclohexylidene]ethylidene]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propanal 112828-13-4 C34H60O3Si2
    2-[(1R,3aS,4E,7aR)-4-[(2E)-2-[(3S,5R)-3,5-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2-methylidenecyclohexylidene]ethylidene]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propanal
    —— Glycine, N,N'-[(1,1-dioxido-3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-ylidene)bis[(6-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3,1-phenylene)methylene]]bis[N-(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:1) 29412-85-9 C33H35N2NaO13S
    Glycine, N,N'-[(1,1-dioxido-3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-ylidene)bis[(6-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3,1-phenylene)methylene]]bis[N-(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:1)
    —— quinestrol 152-43-2 C25H32O2
    quinestrol
    —— pyridostatin 1085412-37-8 C31H32N8O5
    pyridostatin
    —— [(2S,3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-16-(1-prop-2-enylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate;bromide 1190105-65-7 Br*C32H53N2O3
    [(2S,3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-16-(1-prop-2-enylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate;bromide
    —— n-Tetradecenylsuccinic Anhydride 33806-58-5 C18H30O3
    n-Tetradecenylsuccinic Anhydride
    —— H-D-Cys(1)-D-Asn-Cys(2)-Lys-Ala-Pro-Glu-Thr-Ala-Leu-D-Cys(1)-Ala-Arg-Arg-Cys(2)-Gln-Gln-His-NH2.TFA 24345-16-2 C81H132F3N31O26S4
    H-D-Cys(1)-D-Asn-Cys(2)-Lys-Ala-Pro-Glu-Thr-Ala-Leu-D-Cys(1)-Ala-Arg-Arg-Cys(2)-Gln-Gln-His-NH2.TFA
    —— cis-4-(Trifluoromethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 1202578-27-5 C8H11F3O2
    cis-4-(Trifluoromethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
    —— CYCLO(ARG-GLY-ASP-D-PHE-VAL) 137813-35-5 C26H38N8O7
    CYCLO(ARG-GLY-ASP-D-PHE-VAL)
    —— 2-(1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiole;ditetrafluoroborate 55492-86-9 C18H12B2F8S12-2
    2-(1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiole;ditetrafluoroborate
    —— Isopinocampheol 27779-29-9 C10H18O
    Isopinocampheol
    —— [N-(2-(2'-fluorophenyl)ethyl)glycyl]-[N-(2-methylpropyl)glycyl]-N-[3-(2'-oxopyrrolidinyl)propyl]glycinamide 1361200-34-1 C25H38FN5O4
    [N-(2-(2'-fluorophenyl)ethyl)glycyl]-[N-(2-methylpropyl)glycyl]-N-[3-(2'-oxopyrrolidinyl)propyl]glycinamide