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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物

    生物

    生物

    生物是地球上生命存在的形式，包括动物、植物、微生物等多样化的物种。从化学角度来看，生物体由复杂的分子构成，这些分子如蛋白质、核酸（DNA和RNA）、碳水化合物和脂质，在生命活动中扮演着关键角色。

    • 蛋白质：作为细胞内的重要执行者，承担着催化生化反应、物质运输、信号传递等多种功能。
    • 核酸：负责遗传信息的储存与传输，是生物体自我复制及基因表达调控的基础。
    • 碳水化合物：为生命活动提供能量，同时参与细胞识别等生物学过程。
    • 脂质：构成细胞膜结构的主要成分，并在能量存储、信号转导等方面发挥重要作用。

    生物化学研究不仅揭示了这些基本分子如何相互作用以维持生命的复杂性，还探索了它们在疾病发生发展中的角色。随着合成生物学的发展，科学家们能够设计和构建新的生物分子或系统，进一步推动生物医药技术的进步，为治疗多种疾病提供了新的可能性。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-delta-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-[6-deoxy-alpha-L-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)]-O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-delta-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-beta-delta-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-Glucose 127923-85-7 C43H72N2O33
    O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-delta-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-[6-deoxy-alpha-L-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)]-O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-delta-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-beta-delta-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-Glucose
    —— 4-(1-benzyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)piperazin-1-ium chloride 143257-98-1 C18H20N4*ClH
    4-(1-benzyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)piperazin-1-ium chloride
    —— sodium valerate 6106-41-8 C5H9O2*Na
    sodium valerate
    —— N-cis-2,6-dimethylpiperidinocarbonyl-L-γMeLeu-D-Trp(COOMe)-D-Nle-ONa 156161-89-6 C34H50N5O7*Na
    N-cis-2,6-dimethylpiperidinocarbonyl-L-γMeLeu-D-Trp(COOMe)-D-Nle-ONa
    —— 4(3H)-oxo-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo<2,3-d>pyrimidine 135352-71-5 C6H4IN3O
    4(3H)-oxo-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo<2,3-d>pyrimidine
    —— 17265-14-4 C10H18NaO4
    —— 11α-hydroxy-9,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetranor-prostan-1,20-dioic acid-17,17,18,18,19,19-d6 1240398-16-6 C16H24O7
    11α-hydroxy-9,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetranor-prostan-1,20-dioic acid-17,17,18,18,19,19-d6
    —— 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione sodium 20666-12-0 C8H6N3O2*Na
    5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione sodium
    —— (-)-isopinocampheol 473-61-0 C10H18O
    (-)-isopinocampheol
    —— o-Toluidine-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt tetrahydrate 63450-43-1 C7H9NNaO3S
    o-Toluidine-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt tetrahydrate
    —— potassium methyl terephthalate 42967-55-5 C9H7O4*K
    potassium methyl terephthalate
    —— (S)-2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid 1033805-28-5 C25H22ClF3N6O3
    (S)-2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid
    —— sodium sebacate 17265-14-4 C10H16O4*2Na
    sodium sebacate
    —— ((3S,6S)-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3,6-diyl)dimethanamine 1309611-91-3 C8H16N2O2
    ((3S,6S)-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3,6-diyl)dimethanamine
    —— 4-<1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-1-hydroxyethyl>-1-(triphenylmethyl)imidazole 176721-03-2 C32H30N2O
    4-<1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-1-hydroxyethyl>-1-(triphenylmethyl)imidazole
    —— [Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3 33989-10-5 C48H38CuN2P2*NO3
    [Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3
    —— valganciclovir 175865-60-8 C14H22N6O5
    valganciclovir
    —— (3aR,5R,6S,7R,7aR)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-pyrano[3,2-d]thiazole-6,7-diol 179030-22-9 C8H13NO4S
    (3aR,5R,6S,7R,7aR)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-pyrano[3,2-d]thiazole-6,7-diol
    —— D-erythronolactone acetonide 25581-41-3 C7H10O4
    D-erythronolactone acetonide
    —— O-ethyl-C,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)ketene acetal 65946-56-7 C10H24O2Si2
    O-ethyl-C,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)ketene acetal
    —— (1,3-dichloropropyl)benzene 14155-36-3 C9H10Cl2
    (1,3-dichloropropyl)benzene
    —— 5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxycytidine 114748-57-1 C9H12IN3O3
    5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxycytidine
    —— 1,4,7-tris(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane 180297-76-1 C12H24N6O3
    1,4,7-tris(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane
    —— monosodium succinate 2922-54-5 C4H5O4*Na
    monosodium succinate
    —— 1-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-2-[3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-1-yl]-ethanone 1010073-75-2 C22H22ClN7O2
    1-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-2-[3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-1-yl]-ethanone
    —— APT 7072-40-4 2BrH*C4H11N3S
    APT
    —— nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 76961-04-1 C21H26N7O14P2
    nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
    —— Mc-MMAF 863971-19-1 C49H76N6O11
    Mc-MMAF
    —— porfiromycin 801-52-5 C16H20N4O5
    porfiromycin
    —— di-L-menthyl fumarate 34675-24-6 C24H40O4
    di-L-menthyl fumarate
    —— 4-(chloromethyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one 1380390-20-4 C11H9ClO3
    4-(chloromethyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one
    —— potassium tetrachloropalladate(II) 10025-98-6 Cl4Pd*2K
    potassium tetrachloropalladate(II)
    —— N6-cyclohexyladenosine 36396-99-3 C16H23N5O4
    N6-cyclohexyladenosine
    —— 3-Cyclopropylamino-2-(2,4-dichlor-5-fluorbenzoyl)acrylsaeure-methylester 105392-26-5 C14H12Cl2FNO3
    3-Cyclopropylamino-2-(2,4-dichlor-5-fluorbenzoyl)acrylsaeure-methylester
    —— methylene tetrahydrofolate 3432-99-3 C20H23N7O6
    methylene tetrahydrofolate
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S,22S)-22-acetamido-11-benzyl-8-(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-5-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,6,9,12,16,23-hexaoxo-2-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13,17-hexazacyclotricosane-14-carbonyl]-methylamino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-2-cyclohexylacetyl]amino]-6-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(hexadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]hexanoic acid 1841136-73-9 C172H278N24O55
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S,22S)-22-acetamido-11-benzyl-8-(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-5-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,6,9,12,16,23-hexaoxo-2-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13,17-hexazacyclotricosane-14-carbonyl]-methylamino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-2-cyclohexylacetyl]amino]-6-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(hexadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]hexanoic acid
    —— 7-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione 68-96-2 C21H30O3
    7-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione
    —— 17-hydroxy-progesterone 68-96-2 C21H30O3
    17-hydroxy-progesterone
    —— (R)-17-Acetyl-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 68-96-2 C21H30O3
    (R)-17-Acetyl-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
    —— Boc-DL-Leu-ONP 3350-19-4 C17H24N2O6
    Boc-DL-Leu-ONP
    —— 2-amino-octanedioic acid 3054-07-7 C8H15NO4
    2-amino-octanedioic acid
    —— methyl [2-(thien-2-yl)ethylamino](2-chlorophenyl)-acetate hydrochloride 141109-19-5 C15H16ClNO2S*ClH
    methyl [2-(thien-2-yl)ethylamino](2-chlorophenyl)-acetate hydrochloride
    —— (±)-12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid 263399-35-5 C18H34O4
    (±)-12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid
    —— (1R,2S,14S,15R,17S)-8,12,14,23,27,28-Hexahydroxy-6,21-dimethyloctacyclo[14.11.1.0~2,11~.0~2,15~.0~4,9~.0~13,17~.0~17,26~.0~19,24~]octacosa-4,6,8,11,19,21,23,26-octaene-3,10,18,25-tetrone 23537-16-8 C30H22O10
    (1R,2S,14S,15R,17S)-8,12,14,23,27,28-Hexahydroxy-6,21-dimethyloctacyclo[14.11.1.0~2,11~.0~2,15~.0~4,9~.0~13,17~.0~17,26~.0~19,24~]octacosa-4,6,8,11,19,21,23,26-octaene-3,10,18,25-tetrone
    —— fosaprepitant 172673-20-0 C23H22F7N4O6P
    fosaprepitant
    —— Arg-Val 2896-20-0 C11H23N5O3
    Arg-Val
    —— L-arginyl-L-phenylalanine 2047-13-4 C15H23N5O3
    L-arginyl-L-phenylalanine
    —— diphenyldiazomethane triphenylphosphazine 1109-01-9 C31H25N2P
    diphenyldiazomethane triphenylphosphazine
    —— tetrachloropalladium anion 13820-40-1 Cl4Pd
    tetrachloropalladium anion
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(4R,10S,16S,19S,22S,28S,31S,34S,37S,40S,49S,52R)-52-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-19-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-49-benzyl-28-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-31,40-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-34-(carboxymethyl)-16-(hydroxymethyl)-22-methyl-10-(2-methylpropyl)-37-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51-hexadecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50-hexadecazacyclotripentacontane-4-carbonyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid 115966-23-9 C145H234N52O44S3
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(4R,10S,16S,19S,22S,28S,31S,34S,37S,40S,49S,52R)-52-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-19-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-49-benzyl-28-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-31,40-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-34-(carboxymethyl)-16-(hydroxymethyl)-22-methyl-10-(2-methylpropyl)-37-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51-hexadecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50-hexadecazacyclotripentacontane-4-carbonyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid