Rearrangements of Cyclobutenones. Synthesis of N-Methyl-7,8-dihydrobenzophenanthridine-9,12-diols and Related Compounds
摘要:
A useful synthetic route to benzophenanthridines and annulated derivatives is reported. These arise from the thermolysis (refluxing chlorobenzene) of squaric acid-derived C(3-N-methyl-N-arylpropynyl)-cyclobutenones via a mechanism which involves an electrocyclic ring opening of the cyclobutenone to the corresponding enynylketenes. Subsequent ring closure to a diradical intermediate followed by radical arylation gives the benzophenanthridines.
Ring Expansion of 4-Alkynylcyclobutenones. Synthesis of Piperidinoquinones, Highly Substituted Dihydrophenanthridines, Benzophenanthridines, and the Naturally Occurring Pyrrolophenanthridine, Assoanine
摘要:
New synthetic routes to a variety of N-heterocyclic quinones and hydroquinones are described. These include thermolyses of 4-hydroxy-4-[4-N-(benzenesulfonyl)-4-aza-1,6-dialkynyl]cyclobutenones to piperidinoquinones and 4-hydroxy-4-[3-(N-phenylamino)-1-propynyl] cyclobutenones to dihydrophenanthridinediols. Included in the array of products available by this method are benzophenanthridines, indolophenanthridines, isoindoloindoles, and pyrrolophenanthridines. The methodology was employed in a five-step synthesis of the alkaloid assoanine starting with dimethyl squarate and indoline. The key step in all of these transformations is the ring expansion of appropriately substituted 4-hydroxy-4-alkynylcyclobutenones. These are envisaged to undergo electrocyclic ring opening to the corresponding enynylketenes which ring close to diradical intermediates that then lead to products via either radical additions to proximal alkyne moieties or undergo homolytic aromatic substitution to appropriately placed aryl groups. The synthetic scope and mechanism of the ring expansion reactions are discussed.