A library of 31 mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium compounds based on 3-hydroxypyridine was synthesized. Primary screening of their antibacterial activity in vitro in six archival strains of bacteria revealed four highly active lead compounds surpassing commercial antiseptics benzalkonium chloride, miramistin, and chlorhexidine in their activity. Further in-depth study of the antibacterial activity of the lead compounds in vitro in 16 clinical bacterial strains and the study of their toxicity in vitro and in vivo showed that 2,6-bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammoniomethyl)-3-methoxypyridine dichloride was the most active and least toxic and manifested a higher activity in comparison with benzalkonium chloride, miramistin, and chlorhexidine in clinical isolate of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as a moderate toxicity in vivo (LD50 = 82 6 mg kg−1, mice, oral administration). The quaternary ammonium compounds based on 3-hydroxypyridine are of undoubted interest for the further development of antibacterial drugs.
以 3-hydroxypyridine 为基础,合成了一个包含 31 个单季
铵和双季
铵化合物的化合物库。通过对六种存档菌株的体外抗菌活性进行初筛,发现了四种高活性的先导化合物,其活性超过了商用杀菌剂苯扎
氯铵、米拉米星和
洗必泰。对这些先导化合物在 16 种临床细菌菌株中的体外抗菌活性进行的进一步深入研究,以及对其体外和体内毒性的研究表明,2,6-双(N、与苯扎
氯铵、米拉米星和
洗必泰相比,2,6-双(N, N-二甲基-N-
十二烷基
氨甲基)-
3-甲氧基吡啶二
氯化物的活性最高,毒性最低,对临床分离的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的活性都较高,而且在体内毒性适中(LD50 = 82 6 mg kg-1,小鼠,口服)。基于 3-hydroxypyridine 的季
铵盐化合物无疑对进一步开发抗菌药物具有重要意义。