作者:José L. Marco
DOI:10.1021/jo9705982
日期:1997.9.1
The unprecedented Michael additions of racemic or enantiomerically pure beta-keto sulfoxides (1, 6, 10-12) and beta-keto sulfones (23, 25, 27, 29, 30) to the highly stabilized Michael accepters 2, 4, 8, and 21, 31, and 32 are described. The process proceeds efficiently, under very mild reaction conditions: ethanol, piperidine (catalytic), room temperature. The reaction of the beta-keto sulfoxides having the 2-pyridyl ketone moiety, with arylidenemalononitriles (2, 4) and alpha-cyanocinnamates (8) has given the polyfunctionalized 2-amino-4H-pyran adducts (3, 5, 7, 9), in high yield, with total diastereo-and enantioselectivity. The reaction of 2-pyridyl ketone containing beta-keto sulfone 23 with arylidenemalononitrile (2) gave the polyfunctionalized 2-amino-4H-pyran 24, in high yield. Similar beta-keto sulfoxides (10-12) or beta-keto sulfones (25, 27), lacking the 2-pyridyl ketone moiety, underwent the same reaction, but with lower yields and poor diastereoselection. In some cases, noncyclized intermediates have been detected. The beta-keto sulfones 29 and 30 did not react under the same experimental conditions. Simple Michael accepters such as ethyl acrylate, cinnamonitrile, or methyl vinyl ketone proved also to be reluctant to react with beta-keto sulfoxides 1. In summary, the powerful, strong, and particularly efficient stereodirecting properties of the 2-pyridyl ketone moiety embodied in the beta-keto sulfoxides 1 and 6 or beta-keto sulfone 23 have been observed for the first time. This fact coupled to the apparently critical and necessary influence of the pi-pi stacking interaction in the approach of reactants is discussed in depth here and used with obvious advantages in important synthetic transformations.