Intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions of halo-substituted esters and lactones. New applications of organosamarium reagents
摘要:
Intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions involving a broad range of halo substituted carboxylic acid derivatives have been accomplished in excellent yield employing samarium(II) iodide as the reductive coupling agent. Although particular substrates cyclized most effectively in THF in the presence of tripiperidinophosphine oxide, carboxylic acid esters, the focus of this report, cyclize equally well without such an additive in the presence of a catalytic quantity of iron(III) complexes. Thus a comprehensive series of halo substituted esters were cyclized in excellent yield to the corresponding 4-, 5-, and 6-membered carbocycles. The reaction is extremely mild and selective as demonstrated by experiments wherein alkyl chlorides, acetals, and olefins remain completely intact under the reaction conditions. In addition to introducing a convenient procedure for preparing stereodefined spirocyclic systems, a new ring expansion sequence has been developed that appears extremely general for the preparation of various ring systems.
Intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions of halo-substituted esters and lactones. New applications of organosamarium reagents
作者:Gary A. Molander、Jeffrey A. McKie
DOI:10.1021/jo00077a053
日期:1993.12
Intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions involving a broad range of halo substituted carboxylic acid derivatives have been accomplished in excellent yield employing samarium(II) iodide as the reductive coupling agent. Although particular substrates cyclized most effectively in THF in the presence of tripiperidinophosphine oxide, carboxylic acid esters, the focus of this report, cyclize equally well without such an additive in the presence of a catalytic quantity of iron(III) complexes. Thus a comprehensive series of halo substituted esters were cyclized in excellent yield to the corresponding 4-, 5-, and 6-membered carbocycles. The reaction is extremely mild and selective as demonstrated by experiments wherein alkyl chlorides, acetals, and olefins remain completely intact under the reaction conditions. In addition to introducing a convenient procedure for preparing stereodefined spirocyclic systems, a new ring expansion sequence has been developed that appears extremely general for the preparation of various ring systems.
A new route to γ-substituted γ-lactones and δ-substituted δ-lactones based on the regioselective β-scission of alkoxyl radicals generated from transannular hemiacetals
A new general synthesis of γ-substituted γ-lactones and δ-substituted δ-lactones including dihydro-5-octyl-2(3H)-furanone, a natural pheromone, is described. The synthesis involves the regioselective β-scission of alkoxyl radicals generated from transannular hemiacetals as the key step.