(1S,2S)-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidino)-1-propanol: A Potent New Neuroprotectant Which Blocks N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Responses
作者:B. L. Chenard、J. Bordner、T. W. Butler、L. K. Chambers、M. A. Collins、D. L. De Costa、M. F. Ducat、M. L. Dumont、C. B. Fox
DOI:10.1021/jm00016a017
日期:1995.8
(1S,2S)-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidino)-1-propanol (20, CP-101,606) has been identified as a potent and selective N-methyl-D-aspartate NMDA) antagonist through a structure activity relation (SAR) program based on ifenprodil, a known antihypertensive agent with NMDA antagonist activity. Sites on the threo-ifenprodil skeleton explored in this report include the pendent methyl group (H, methyl, and ethyl nearly equipotent; propyl much weaker), the spacer group connecting the C-4 phenyl group to the piperidine ring (an alternating potency pattern with 0 and 2 carbon atoms yielding the greatest potency), and simple phenyl substitution (little effect). While potent NMDA antagonists were obtained with a two atom spacer, this arrangement also increased al adrenergic affinity. Introduction of a hydroxyl group into the C-4 position on the piperidine ring resulted in substantial reduction in alpha(1) adrenergic affinity. The combination of these observations was instrumental in the discovery of 20. This compound potently protects cultured hippocampal neurons from glutamate toxicity (IC50 = 10 nM) while possessing little of the undesired al adrenergic affinity (IC50 similar to 20 mu M) of ifenprodil. Furthermore, 20 appears to lack the psychomotor stimulant effects of nonselective competitive and channel-blocking NMDA antagonists. Thus, 20 shows great promise as a neuroprotective agent and may lack the side effects of compounds currently in clinical trials.
(1S,2S)-1-(4-羟基苯基)-2-(4-羟基-4-苯基哌啶基)-1-丙醇(20, CP-101,606)通过基于已知抗高血压药物依非拉嗪的结构活性关系(SAR)研究被鉴定为一种高效且选择性的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)拮抗剂,依非拉嗪具有NMDA拮抗活性。本报告中探索的 thro 如果én prodil框架上的位点包括悬挂的甲基基团(氢、甲基和乙基几乎等效;丙基弱得多)、连接C-4苯基和哌啶环的间隔基团(0和2个碳原子的交替模式产生最高活性),以及简单的苯基取代(影响较小)。虽然通过两原子间隔获得了强效的NMDA拮抗剂,但这种结构也增加了α肾上腺素亲和力。在哌啶环的C-4位置引入羟基导致α_(1)肾上腺素亲和力显著降低。将这些观察结果结合起来,促成了化合物20的发现。该化合物对培养的海马神经元具有强大的谷氨酸毒性保护作用(IC50 = 10 nM),同时几乎不含依非拉嗪所具有的不良α肾上腺素亲和力(IC50约为20 μM)。此外,20似乎缺乏非选择性竞争性和通道阻断型NMDA拮抗剂的精神运动兴奋作用。因此,20作为神经保护剂显示出了巨大的潜力,并且可能不具备目前在临床试验中化合物的副作用。