Systematic Studies on Structure and Physiological Activity of Cyclic α-Keto Enamines, a Novel Class of “Cooling” Compounds
摘要:
3-methyl- and 5-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one were recently identified as intense cooling compounds in roasted dark malt. To gain more insights into the molecular requirements of these compounds for imparting a cooling sensation, 26 cyclic alpha -keto enamine derivatives were synthesized, and their physiological cooling activities were evaluated. Any modification of the amino moiety, the carbocyclic ring size, or incorporation of additional methyl groups led to a significant increase of the cooling threshold. Insertion of an oxygen atom into the 2-cyclopenten-1-one ring, however, increased the cooling activity, e.g., the cooling threshold of the 5-methyl-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)3(2H)-furanone was found to be 16-fold below the threshold concentration determined for the 3-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one. Shifting the oxygen atom from the 4- into the 5-position of the cyclopentenone ring resulted in a even more drastic increase in cooling activity, e.g., the 4-methyl-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2(5H)-furanone exhibited the strongest cooling effect at the low oral threshold concentration of 0.02-0.06 mmol/L, which is 35-fold below the value determined for H-menthol. In contrast to the minty smelling (-)-menthol, most of the alpha -keto enamines were found to be virtually odorless but impart a sensation of "cooling" to the oral cavity as well as to the skin, thus illustrating that there is no physiological link between cooling activity and mint-like odors.
The title heterocycles rearrange into a mixture of diastereoisomeric hexahydro-1(2H)-pentalenone derivatives, which undergo nucleophiliceliminativeringfission by methanol to give 1-amino-2-nitroalkylated cyclopentancarboxylic esters. The X-ray structure determination of hexahydro-2-methyl-2-nitro-3-phenyl-6a- (1-piperidinyl) -1 (2H)-pentalenone – (2α, 3α, 3aα, 6aα) is also reported.
Reaction of an enaminone with 1-nitrocyclopentene: synthesis of a triquinane
作者:Melanie M. Cooper、John W. Huffman
DOI:10.1039/c39870000348
日期:——
A convergent synthesis of a functionalized triquinane is reported which proceeds in three steps and 72% yield from 2-(1-pyrrolidino)cyclohex-2-en-1-one and 1-nitrocyclopentene.
Method and compositions for imparting cooling effect to tobacco products
申请人:Bereman D. Robert
公开号:US20050000529A1
公开(公告)日:2005-01-06
The present invention relates to smoking articles such as cigarettes, and in particular to a method and composition for providing a cooling effect to cigarettes. The tobacco rod of the cigarette contains a compound that imparts a cooing effect and sensation of freshness to tobacco smoke.
Reactions of enaminones with 1-nitroolefins. Scope and limitations of a polyquinane synthesis
作者:John W. Huffman、Melanie M. Cooper、Barnabe B. Miburo、William T. Pennington
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80490-7
日期:1992.1
The reaction of several 2-aminocyclohex-2-en-1-ones with cyclic nitroolefins has been explored as a possible synthetic approach to polyquinanes. 2-Pyrrolidino, 2-piperidino and 2-morpholinocyclohex-2-en-1-one react with 1-nitrocyclopentene to provide substituted triquinanes. Reactions involving 5,5-dimethyl-2-morpholinocyclohex-2-en-1-one were unsuccessful as were those using 4,4-dimethyl-1-nitrocyclopentene. 5-Methyl-2-morpholinocyclohex-2-en-1-one and 1-nitrocyclopentene provide the corresponding triquinane, plus a by-product in which the amino substituent has been lost. The reactions of other selected nitroolefins have been carried out, and the products are described. The results of these reactions are rationalized in terms of an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction to afford an intermediate oxazine N-oxide, which then undergoes further transformations to afford the observed products.
Forchiassin, M.; Pitacco, G.; Risaliti, A., Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1983, vol. 20, p. 305 - 309
作者:Forchiassin, M.、Pitacco, G.、Risaliti, A.、Russo, C.、Valentin, E.