NMe Amide as a Synthetic Surrogate for the Thioester Moiety in Thiocoraline
摘要:
Bridged N-methyl amides are used as isosteres for depsi and thiodepsi bonds in thiocoraline. The introduction of NMe-amides in bridges mimics the thioester bonds without imposing steric hindrance and allows conservation of the hydrogen bonding map of the natural product. NMe-azathiocoraline was constructed by solid-phase N-methylation of the side chain of diaminopropionic acid (Dap). The three consecutive N-methyl amino acids could be coupled in good yields by using HATU/HOAt/DIEA in DMF, and the final octapeptide was also obtained on solid phase following a 4 + 4 fragment coupling approach. NMe-azathiocoraline (NMA) displayed nanomolar activity in the same order as the natural product and the same mode of action. In fact, modeling of NMe-azathiocoraline bonded to a TCGA sequence showed how the methyl groups remained further away from the DNA strand without changing the recognition pattern of thiocoraline. Moreover, NMe-azathiocoraline displayed an increased stability in human serum as compared to the parent natural product. This approach could be used in other depsipeptides and side chain to side chain cyclic peptides.
Investigations into the synthesis of oxathiocoraline, a bicyclic depsipeptide with C2 symmetry, revealed a number of unexpected side-reactions that could not be circumvented by classical or standard means. This cyclodepsipeptide has a large number of N-methyl amino acids coexisting with two ester bonds and also shows a branched structure; these features hinder its synthesis. In addition, complexity
The natural compounds triostin and thiocoraline are potent antitumor agents that act as DNA bisintercalators. From a pharmaceutical point of view, these compounds are highly attractive although they present a low pharmacokinetic profile, in part due to their low solubility. Synthetically, they represent a tour de force because no robust strategies have been developed to access a broad range of these bicyclic (depsi)peptides in a straightforward manner. Here we describe solid-phase strategies to synthesize new bisintercalators, such as thiocoraline triostin hybrids, as well is analogues bearing soluble tags. Orthogonal protection schemes (up to, five from: Fmoc, Boc Alloc, pNZ, o-NBS, and Troc), together with the right concourse of the coupling reagents (HOSu, HOBt, HOAt, Oxyma, EDC, DIPCDI, PyAOP, PyBOP, HATU, COMU), were crucial to establish the synthetic plan. In vitro studies and structure activity relationships have been shown trends in the structure activity relationship that Will facilitate the design of new bisintercalators.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oxathiocoraline by a Key Intermolecular Disulfide Dimer
作者:Judit Tulla-Puche、Núria Bayó-Puxan、Juan A. Moreno、Andrés M. Francesch、Carmen Cuevas、Mercedes Álvarez、Fernando Albericio
DOI:10.1021/ja0686312
日期:2007.5.1
Oxathiocoraline, a member of the quinoxaline antibiotic family, has been synthesized on solid-phase. The depsipeptide exhibits high synthetic complexity owing to the presence of consecutive NMe amino acids, two ester moieties, a disulfide bridge, and two SMe Cys residues. Because of internal diketopiperazine formation, standard stepwise or convergent approaches failed to deliver the linear octadepsipeptide precursor. Therefore, an alternative methodology where an intermolecular disulfide dimer is formed on solid-phase was developed. Cleavage of the dimer from the solid-phase and subsequent bismacrolactamization followed by incorporation of the heterocyclic unit afforded the target compound. Oxathiocoraline showed antitumoral activity in three tumor cell lines.