Carbapenam-3-carboxylic acids and carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acids substituted at the 1-position with an oxo, a hydroxy or an acetoxy group, variously substituted at the 2-position with such groups as methyl, acetoxymethyl, methanesulfonyloxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, aminoalkylthio or amidinoalkylthio and optionally substituted at the 6-position with a hydroxyalkyl group, an acetoxyalkyl group or a conventional penicillin side-chain, pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof and various esters thereof wherein the esterifying group is selectively removed in the laboratory, or hydrolyzed under physiological conditions. These compounds are useful either systemically or topically in the treatment of diseases caused by susceptible microorganisms, as animal feed additives for promotion of growth, or in the preservation of biodegradable materials, or as intermediates to compounds having such antibacterial activity. Key to the synthesis of these compounds is the light catalyzed rearrangement of 2-diazo-1-oxoceph-3-em-4-carboxylates to 1-oxocarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylates, a newly discovered reaction determined to be of general applicability.
1-位氧化物、羟基或乙酰氧基取代的碳青霉烯-3-
羧酸和碳青霉烯-2-烯-3-
羧酸,2-位取代基可为甲基、乙酰氧甲基、
甲磺酰氧基、烷氧基、烷基
硫基、
氨基烷基
硫基或酰胺基烷基
硫基,6-位可选取代羟基烷基、乙酰氧基烷基或传统
青霉素侧链,其药学上可接受的盐和各种酯,其中酯化基团在实验室中可选择性地去除,或在生理条件下
水解。这些化合物在治疗由易感微
生物引起的疾病、作为动物饲料添加剂促进生长、在
生物可降解材料的保护中或作为具有抗菌活性的化合物的中间体方面,无论是系统性还是局部使用,都具有用途。这些化合物的合成关键在于光催化重排2-重氮基-1-氧代头孢-3-烯-4-
羧酸酯为1-氧代碳青霉烯-2-烯-3-
羧酸酯,这是一种新发现的具有普遍适用性的反应。