Novel d-Xylose Derivatives Stimulate Muscle Glucose Uptake by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase α
摘要:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions; therefore, the search for novel antihyperglycemic drugs is intense. We have discovered that D-Xylose increases the rate of glucose transport in a non-insulin-dependent manner in rat and human myotubes in vitro. Due to the unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties Of D-Xylose we aimed at synthesizing active derivatives with improved parameters. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis identified critical hydroxyl groups in D-xylose. These data were used to synthesize various hydrophobic derivatives Of D-Xylose of which compound 19 the was most potent compound in stimulating the rate of hexose transport by increasing the abundance of glucose transporter-4 in the plasma membrane of myotubes. This effect resulted from the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase without recruiting the insulin transduction mechanism. These results show that lipophilic D-Xylose derivatives may serve as prototype molecules for the development of novel anti hyperglycemic drugs for the treatment of diabetes.
have studied the acyl migration in different monosaccharides using five different acylgroups by a combination of experimental, kinetic and theoretical tools. The results show that the anomeric configuration in the monosaccharide has a major influence on the migration rate, together with the relative configurations of the other hydroxylgroups and the nature of the migrating acylgroup. Full mechanistic