Intramolecular Cyclization of Tethered Phenyl Ketones. Complementary Stereochemical Results Arising from the Indium-Promoted Ring Closure of Allyl Bromides and the Fluoride Ion-Induced Desilylation of Allylsilanes
摘要:
dThe intramolecular indium-promoted cyclization of 4'-substituted (Z)- and (E)-7-bromo-5-heptenophenones has been examined in aqueous tetrahydrofuran. In every instance, ring closure occurred to deliver the syn-2-vinylcyclopentanol exclusively. The corresponding allylsilanes have been prepared as well, and the course of their fluoride ion-induced cyclization was also studied. In these systems, a kinetic bias for formation of the anti-2-vinylcyclopentanol is observed, although not with the same exclusivity. Accordingly, complementarity in product diastereoselectivity can be realized in purposeful fashion. The data acquired in this investigation suggest that the indium-catalyzed reactions involve intramolecularly coordinated transition states where development of a cis 5/6-bicyclic framework is most energetically feasible. In contrast, the silanes appear to utilize open-chain antiperiplanar transition states. While the latter are not particularly sensitive to double-bond geometry, they are responsive to steric compression involving the aryl group.
Intramolecular Cyclization of Tethered Phenyl Ketones. Complementary Stereochemical Results Arising from the Indium-Promoted Ring Closure of Allyl Bromides and the Fluoride Ion-Induced Desilylation of Allylsilanes
摘要:
dThe intramolecular indium-promoted cyclization of 4'-substituted (Z)- and (E)-7-bromo-5-heptenophenones has been examined in aqueous tetrahydrofuran. In every instance, ring closure occurred to deliver the syn-2-vinylcyclopentanol exclusively. The corresponding allylsilanes have been prepared as well, and the course of their fluoride ion-induced cyclization was also studied. In these systems, a kinetic bias for formation of the anti-2-vinylcyclopentanol is observed, although not with the same exclusivity. Accordingly, complementarity in product diastereoselectivity can be realized in purposeful fashion. The data acquired in this investigation suggest that the indium-catalyzed reactions involve intramolecularly coordinated transition states where development of a cis 5/6-bicyclic framework is most energetically feasible. In contrast, the silanes appear to utilize open-chain antiperiplanar transition states. While the latter are not particularly sensitive to double-bond geometry, they are responsive to steric compression involving the aryl group.
Heterocycle Synthesis Based on Allylic Alcohol Transposition Using Traceless Trapping Groups
作者:Youwei Xie、Paul E. Floreancig
DOI:10.1002/anie.201402010
日期:2014.5.5
Allylic alcohols undergo transposition reactions in the presence of Re2O7 whereby the equilibrium can be dictated by trapping one isomer with a pendent electrophile. Additional ionization can occur when the trapping group is an aldehyde or ketone, thus leading to cyclic oxocarbenium ion formation. Terminating the process through bimolecular nucleophilic addition into the intermediate provides a versatile
烯丙醇在Re 2 O 7的存在下进行转座反应,从而可以通过用一种亲电亲和剂捕获一种异构体来控制平衡。当捕获基团是醛或酮时,可能会发生其他电离,从而导致形成环氧碳鎓离子。通过将双分子亲核加成至中间物来终止该过程,为合成各种含氧杂环化合物提供了一种通用的方法。了解序列中各步骤的相对速率会导致设计反应,从而创建多个具有良好至极佳控制水平的立体中心。