isopropyltrichlorogermane | 18689-03-7

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机金属化合物 - 金属烷基卤化物
• 英文名称: isopropyltrichlorogermane
• 英文别名: trichloroisopropylgermane；i-PrGeCl3；Isopropyl-trichlor-german；Isopropyl-trichlorgerman；Isopropyltrichlorgerman；Germane, trichloro(1-methylethyl)-；trichloro(propan-2-yl)germane
• CAS: 18689-03-7
• 化学式: C₃H₇Cl₃Ge
• 分子量: 222.038
• InChiKey: NFPJZAYCAMHYDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  164.5 °C(Press: 767 Torr)
• 密度：
  1.5612 g/cm3

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.05
• 重原子数：
  7
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  magnesium,2-methylpropane,bromide 、 isopropyltrichlorogermane 以 乙醚 为溶剂， 以72%的产率得到isopropyl(tert-butyl)dichlorogermane
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Organomagnesium Synthesis of sec-Butyl- and tert-Alkylchlorogermanes and Their Reaction with Ethynylmagnesium Bromide

  摘要：

  有机镁合成在用笨重的烷基取代四氯锗烷中氯原子的应用范围已被确立。四氯锗烷与2-丁基镁氯反应能够替代一个、两个或三个氯原子，生成相应的烷基氯锗烷（MeEtCH）nGeCl4-n。四氯锗（GeCl4）与叔烷基镁卤化物反应仅能替代一个氯原子，生成叔烷基三氯锗烷RMe2CGeCl3（R = Me，Et，Bu）。叔丁基三氯锗与溴化乙基镁反应生成乙基（叔丁基）二氯锗烷。异丙基三氯锗与叔丁基镁氯反应生成异丙基（叔丁基）二氯锗烷。这个结果表明，有机镁合成确实允许在锗原子上连接两个笨重的取代基。在THF中，叔烷基三氯锗与2-丁基三氯锗与乙炔基镁溴反应，其中碳氢基团是最易获得的空间位阻团，能够替代所有三个氯原子，生成相应的烷基（三乙炔基）锗烷。后者化合物与格里尼亚试剂和三甲基氯硅烷反应生成相应的烷基（三甲基硅乙炔基）锗烷。

  DOI：

  10.1007/s11176-005-0305-z
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  锗烷 、 2-氯丙烷 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂， 以1%的产率得到isopropyltrichlorogermane
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Organotrichlorogermane synthesis by the reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chloride via dichlorogermylene intermediate

  摘要：

  有机三氯锗烷是通过元素锗、四氯化锗和有机氯化物（甲基、丙基、异丙基和烯丙基氯化物）反应合成的。元素锗与四氯化锗反应生成的二氯锗烯是反应中间体，该中间体插入有机氯化物的碳-氯键中，生成有机三氯锗烷。当使用异丙基或烯丙基氯化物作为有机氯化物时，即使在没有四氯化锗的情况下，也能形成有机三氯锗烷。这些氯化物会转化为氯化氢，后者与元素锗反应生成二氯锗烯中间体。元素锗、四氯化锗和有机氯化物的反应为合成有机三氯锗烷提供了一种简单易行的方法，并且所有原材料都易于获取。

  DOI：

  10.1039/b404590d

文献信息

• Synthesis of Hexakis(alkylgermasesquioxane)s from Alkyl(chloro)ethoxygermanes and Their Formation Mechanism
  作者：Masato Nanjo、Takaomi Sasage、Kunio Mochida

  DOI：10.1246/cl.2002.1124

  日期：2002.11

  Alkyl(chloro)ethoxygermanes were hydrolyzed with water to give 1,3,5-trialkyl-1,3,5-trichlorocyclotrigermoxanes. Hydrolysis of 1,3,5-trichlorocyclotrigermoxanes gave 5,7-dichloro-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaalkyltricyclo[7.3.1.13,7]hexagermoxanes. The tricylic anti-form ladder hexagermoxanes reacted with water to afford hexakis(alkylgermasesquioxane)s. These cage and ladder germoxanes were identified by spectrospcopic and X-ray diffraction methods.

  烷基(氯)乙氧基锗烷用水水解得到1,3,5-三烷基-1,3,5-三氯环三锗氧烷。 1,3,5-三氯环三甲氧烷的水解得到5,7-二氯-1,3,5,7,9,11-六烷基三环[7.3.1.13,7]六甲氧烷。三环反式梯形六锗氧烷与水反应得到六(烷基锗倍半氧烷)。这些笼型和梯型锗氧烷通过光谱和X射线衍射方法进行了鉴定。
• ——
  作者：O. G. Yarosh

  DOI：10.1023/a:1023450909838

  日期：——

  The reaction of ethynylmagnesium bromide with chloroisopropylgermanes (i-Pr4-nGeCln, n = 1-3) was used to prepare previously unknown ethynylisopropylgermanes i-Pr4-nGe(C=CH)(n) (n = 1-3). The reaction of Me(3)SiCequivalent toCMgBr with i-PrGeCl3 afforded i-Pr(Me(3)SiCequivalent toC)(3-n)GeCln(n = 1, 2). The reaction of the monochloride with BrMdCequivalent toCH gave i-Pr(HC=C)(2)GeCequivalent toCSiMe(3), while with the dichloride, i-Pr(HCequivalent toC) Ge(Cequivalent toSiMe(3))(2) formed. The latter compounds were obtained by independent synthesis from i-PrGe(Cequivalent toCH)(3), EtMgBr, and ClSiMe3. The reaction of (bromomagnesioethynyl)triisopropylgermane with Me3SiCl gave i-Pr(3)GeCequivalent toSiMe(3).
• Synthesis and characterization of alkylgermasesquioxanes
  作者：Masato Nanjo、Takaomi Sasage、Kunio Mochida

  DOI：10.1016/s0022-328x(02)02157-5

  日期：2003.2

  Alkyl(chloro)ethoxygermanes, RGe(OEt)(n)Cl3-n (R = i-Pr, n = 0; R = t-Bu, n = 0-3; R = cyclo-C6H11, n = 0) were hydrolyzed with aqueous NaOH in xylene at 130-140 degreesC to give cage hexakis(alkylgermasesquioxane)s, (RGe)(6)O-9. These structures of cage (RGe)(6)O-9 were fully confirmed by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction methods. t-Butyldichloro(ethoxy)germane, t-BuGe(OEt)Cl-2, was carefully treated with water at 5 degreesC for 3 h to afford cis, trans-1,3,5-tri-t-butyl-1,3,5-trichlorocyclotrigermoxane, (t-BuClGeO)(3). Hydrolysis of (t-BuClGeO)(3) at 5 degreesC for additional 33 h gave a tricyclic anti-form ladder 5,7-dichloro-1,3,5,7,9,1 1-hexat-butyltricyclo[7.3.1.1(3.7)]hexagermoxanes, (t-BuGe)(6)O8Cl2. The tricyclic ladder (t-BuGe)(6)O8Cl2 was also prepared by hydrolysis of t-butyl(chloro)diethoxygermane, t-BuGe(OEt)(2)Cl, at 5 degreesC for 6 It, and its structure was determined by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis. The tricyclic ladder germoxane reacted with aqueous NaOH in xylene at 130-140 degreesC for 3 h to afford hexakis(t-butylgermasesquioxane), (t-BuGe)(6)O-9. The formation mechanism of the germasesquioxane, (t-BuGe)(6)O-9 from t-butyl(chloro)ethoxygermanes, t-BuGe(OEt)(n)Cl3-n (n = 0-3) is also discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
• Three branch polyunsaturated organosilicon and organogermanium dendrimers
  作者：L. V. Zhilitskaya、N. O. Yarosh、M. G. Voronkov

  DOI：10.1134/s1070363208100101

  日期：2008.10

  3-Branch dendrimers of the first generation possessing at the focal point, the silicon atom, a trimethylsilylvinyl or trimethylsilylethynyl group, and at the central germanium atom an isopropyl group have been synthesized using a combined approach or a convergent reaction scheme. NMR spectra of all synthesized compounds are studied, and their molecular masses are calculated and experimentally determined. The key parameters of new dendrimers are given.
• Organotrichlorogermane synthesis by the reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chloride via dichlorogermylene intermediate
  作者：Masaki Okamoto、Takuya Asano、Eiichi Suzuki

  DOI：10.1039/b404590d

  日期：——

  Organotrichlorogermanes were synthesized by the reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chlorides, methyl, propyl, isopropyl and allyl chlorides. Dichlorogermylene formed by the reaction of elemental germanium with tetrachlorogermane was the reaction intermediate, which was inserted into the carbon–chlorine bond of the organic chloride to give organotrichlorogermane. When isopropyl or allyl chloride was used as an organic chloride, organotrichlorogermane was formed also in the absence of tetrachlorogermane. These chlorides were converted to hydrogen chloride, which subsequently reacted with elemental germanium to give the dichlorogermylene intermediate. The reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chlorides provides a simple and easy method for synthesizing organotrichlorogermanes, and all the raw materials are easily available.

  有机三氯锗烷是通过元素锗、四氯化锗和有机氯化物（甲基、丙基、异丙基和烯丙基氯化物）反应合成的。元素锗与四氯化锗反应生成的二氯锗烯是反应中间体，该中间体插入有机氯化物的碳-氯键中，生成有机三氯锗烷。当使用异丙基或烯丙基氯化物作为有机氯化物时，即使在没有四氯化锗的情况下，也能形成有机三氯锗烷。这些氯化物会转化为氯化氢，后者与元素锗反应生成二氯锗烯中间体。元素锗、四氯化锗和有机氯化物的反应为合成有机三氯锗烷提供了一种简单易行的方法，并且所有原材料都易于获取。