3-(4-Fluoropiperidin-3-yl)-2-phenylindoles as High Affinity, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable h5-HT2A Receptor Antagonists
摘要:
The development of very high affinity, selective, and bioavailable h5-HT2A receptor antagonists is described. By investigation of the optimal position for the basic nitrogen in a series of 2-phenyl-3-piperidylindoles, it was found that with the basic nitrogen at the S-position of the piperidine it was not necessary to further substitute the piperidine in order to obtain good binding at h5-HT2A receptors. This meant the compounds no longer had high affinity at the IKr potassium channel, an issue with previous series of 2-aryl-3-(4-piperidyl)indoles. Improvements could be made to oral bioavailability in this series by reduction of the pK(a) of the basic nitrogen, by adding a fluorine atom to the piperidine ring, leading to 3-(4-fluoropiperidin-3-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-indole (17). Metabolic studies with this compound identified oxidation at the B-position of the indole as a major route in vitro and in vivo in rats. Blocking this position with a fluorine atom led to 6-fluoro-3-(4-fluoropiperidin-3-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-indole (22), an antagonist with 0.06 nM affinity for h5-HT2A receptors, with bioavailability of 80% and half-life of 12 h in rats.
使用单一的半夹心铁(II)化合物作为催化剂,将Cp * Fe(1,2-Ph 2 PC 6 H 4 S)(NCMe)(Cp * – = C 5 Me 5 –,1)作为催化剂,进行还原偶联明确定义的铁(II)/(EtO)3 SiH体系可实现硝基芳烃与烯烃的合成。通过分子间或分子内的还原偶联,已经在一锅中直接合成了各种支链胺和吲哚衍生物。机理研究表明,催化作用是由铁(II)催化剂与硅烷活化硝基芳烃而引发的,从而生成用于C-N键偶联的铁-亚硝基芳烃中间体。
Synthesis of Indoles through Domino Reactions of 2‐Fluorotoluenes and Nitriles
作者:Jianyou Mao、Zhiting Wang、Xinyu Xu、Guoqing Liu、Runsheng Jiang、Haixing Guan、Zhipeng Zheng、Patrick J. Walsh
DOI:10.1002/anie.201904658
日期:2019.8.5
chemistry, and therefore, novel and efficient approaches to their synthesis are in high demand. Among indoles, 2‐aryl indoles have been described as privileged scaffolds. Advanced herein is a straightforward, practical, and transition‐metal‐free assembly of 2‐aryl indoles. Simply combining readily available 2‐fluorotoluenes, nitriles, LiN(SiMe3)2, and CsF enables the generation of a diverse array of indoles
<i>Ortho</i>-selective C–H arylation of phenols with <i>N</i>-carboxyindoles under Brønsted acid- or Cu(<scp>i</scp>)-catalysis
作者:Nguyen H. Nguyen、Soo Min Oh、Cheol-Min Park、Seunghoon Shin
DOI:10.1039/d1sc06157g
日期:——
Control over chemo- and regioselectivity is a critical issue in the heterobiaryl synthesis via C–H oxidativecoupling. To address this challenge, a strategy to invert the normal polarity of indoles in the heterobiaryl coupling was developed. With N-carboxyindoles as umpoled indoles, an exclusively ortho-selective coupling with phenols has been realized, employing a Brønsted acid- or Cu(I)-catalyst (as
控制化学选择性和区域选择性是通过C-H 氧化偶联合成杂二芳基的关键问题。为了应对这一挑战,开发了一种在杂二芳基偶联中反转吲哚正常极性的策略。使用Brønsted 酸或 Cu( I )-催化剂(低至 0.01 mol%) ,使用N-羧基吲哚作为 umpoled 吲哚,实现了与酚类的完全邻位选择性偶联。一系列酚类和N-羧基吲哚在环境温度下具有出色的效率和选择性,并且带有氧化还原活性芳基卤化物(-Br和-I)的底物以正交方式平滑耦合。值得注意的是,已经证明了基于手性二磺酰亚胺或 Cu( I )/手性双膦催化体系的阻转选择性杂二芳基偶联的初步例子。该反应被提议通过 S N 2' 取代或 Cu( I )-Cu( III ) 循环发生,分别使用布朗斯台德酸或 Cu( I ) 催化剂。
Dearomative spirocyclization via visible-light-induced reductive hydroarylation of non-activated arenes
作者:Zhuomin Chi、Yuzhen Gao、Lei Yang、Chunlin Zhou、Meng Zhang、Peiming Cheng、Gang Li
DOI:10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.001
日期:2022.1
A visible-light-induced spirocyclizative hydroarylation via reductive dearomatization of a series of non-activated arenes including 2-phenyl indoles and naphthalene derivatives under mild conditions is described. An intriguing chemoselective dearomative hydroarylation of 2-phenyl indoles is presented. This dearomative hydroarylation protocol rapidly delivers valuable spirocycles with carbon−carbon
Application of Fluorine- and Nitrogen-Walk Approaches: Defining the Structural and Functional Diversity of 2-Phenylindole Class of Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators
作者:Sumanta Garai、Pushkar M. Kulkarni、Peter C. Schaffer、Luciana M. Leo、Asher L. Brandt、Ayat Zagzoog、Tallan Black、Xiaoyan Lin、Dow P. Hurst、David R. Janero、Mary E. Abood、Anaelle Zimmowitch、Alex Straiker、Roger G. Pertwee、Melanie Kelly、Anna-Maria Szczesniak、Eileen M. Denovan-Wright、Ken Mackie、Andrea G. Hohmann、Patricia H. Reggio、Robert B. Laprairie、Ganesh A. Thakur
DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01142
日期:2020.1.23
(CB1R) allostericligands hold a far-reaching therapeutic promise. We report the application of fluoro- and nitrogen-walk approaches to enhance the drug-like properties of GAT211, a prototype CB1R allosteric agonist-positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM). Several analogs exhibited improved functional potency (cAMP, β-arrestin 2), metabolic stability, and aqueous solubility. Two key analogs, GAT591