The present invention provides strategies for making cyclic triamines. Reactant media including certain precursors and/or certain types of catalysts can be converted into cyclic triamines with improved conversion and selectivity. The strategies can be incorporated into reactions that involve transamination schemes and/or reductive amination schemes. In the case of transamination, for instance, using transamination to cause ring closure of higher amines in the presence of a suitable catalyst leads to desired cyclic triamines with notable conversion and yield. In the case of reductive amination, reacting suitable polyfunctional precursors in the presence of a suitable catalyst also yields cyclic triamines via ring closure with notable selectivity and conversion. Both transamination and reductive amination methodologies can be practiced under much milder temperatures than are used when solely acid catalysts are used. Preferred embodiments can produce reaction mixtures that are generally free of salt by-products.
本发明提供了制备环三胺的策略。包括某些前体和/或某些类型的催化剂在内的反应介质可以转化为具有改进转化率和选择性的环三胺。这些策略可以应用于涉及转
氨基化方案和/或还原胺化方案的反应中。例如,在转
氨基化的情况下,利用转
氨基化使较高胺环闭合在合适催化剂存在下导致所需的环三胺,具有显著的转化率和收率。在还原胺化的情况下,在合适催化剂存在下,通过环闭合反应适当的多官能前体也可以产生具有显著选择性和转化率的环三胺。转
氨基化和还原胺化方法都可以在比仅使用酸催化剂时使用的温度要温和得多的条件下进行。优选的实施方式可以产生通常不含盐副产物的反应混合物。