毒理性
哺乳期使用总结：偶尔小剂量的溴苯那敏不会预期对哺乳婴儿产生任何不利影响。较大剂量或更长时间的使用可能会对婴儿产生影响或减少乳汁供应，尤其是与伪麻黄碱等拟交感神经药联合使用或在哺乳期尚未建立时。许多女性可能在最后一次喂奶后服用单次晚间剂量就足够了，这将最小化药物的影响。首选的非镇静抗组胺药作为替代品。
对哺乳婴儿的影响：一名正在服用含有右溴苯那敏和依他麻黄碱（d-异麻黄碱）的产品的母亲所哺乳的11周大婴儿出现了烦躁和睡眠障碍。这些副作用可能是由母乳中的右溴苯那敏引起的，但也可能是依他麻黄碱或两种药物共同引起的。
在一项电话随访研究中，母亲报告称，在接受各种抗组胺药的暴露下，10%的婴儿出现了烦躁和肠绞痛症状，1.6%的婴儿出现了嗜睡。所有反应均未需要医疗关注，没有任何婴儿暴露于溴苯那敏或右溴苯那敏。
对哺乳和母乳的影响：在非哺乳期妇女和产后早期妇女中，通过注射给予相对较高剂量的抗组胺药可以降低基础血清催乳素。然而，哺乳诱导的催乳素分泌并未受到产后母亲抗组胺药预处理的影响。尚未研究口服较低剂量的溴苯那敏是否对血清催乳素有相同的影响，或者催乳素的影响是否对哺乳成功有任何后果。在已建立哺乳的母亲中，催乳素水平可能不会影响她的哺乳能力。
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Small, occasional doses of brompheniramine would not be expected to cause any adverse effects in breastfed infants. Larger doses or more prolonged use may cause effects in the infant or decrease the milk supply, particularly in combination with a sympathomimetic such as pseudoephedrine or before lactation is well established. Single bedtime doses after the last feeding of the day may be adequate for many women and will minimize any effects of the drug. The nonsedating antihistamines are preferred alternatives.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Irritability and disturbed sleep were reported in an 11-week-old breastfed infant whose mother was taking a product containing dexbrompheniramine and etafedrine (d-isoephedrine). These side effects were possibly caused by dexbrompheniramine in breastmilk, but could have been caused by the etafedrine or both drugs.
In one telephone follow-up study, mothers reported irritability and colicky symptoms in 10% of infants exposed to various antihistamines and drowsiness was reported in 1.6% of infants. None of the reactions required medical attention and none of the infants were exposed to brompheniramine or dexbrompheniramine.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Antihistamines in relatively high doses given by injection can decrease basal serum prolactin in nonlactating women and in early postpartum women. However, suckling-induced prolactin secretion is not affected by antihistamine pretreatment of postpartum mothers. Whether lower oral doses of brompheniramine have the same effect on serum prolactin or whether the effects on prolactin have any consequences on breastfeeding success have not been studied. The prolactin level in a mother with established lactation may not affect her ability to breastfeed.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
