抗组胺药
抗组胺药是一类可逆性占领组胺受体的药物，它们通过竞争性阻断组胺与受体结合，从而表现出抗组胺作用。根据不同的组胺受体类型（H1和H2），抗组胺药也分为两类：H1受体阻断药，如具有抗过敏作用的苯海拉明等；H2受体阻断药，如具有抑制胃酸分泌作用的西咪替丁等。
抗组胺药在临床上应用广泛，主要适用于以下疾病和症状：
- 皮肤黏膜的变态反应性疾病
- 支气管哮喘
- 防治晕动症和呕吐
- 用于镇静和催眠
关于孕妇使用抗组胺药的安全性，目前尚无明确的指导原则。一般认为这类药物对胎儿没有明显的致畸影响；然而，在孕晚期的最后2周内使用这些药物可能会导致新生儿晶状体后纤维组织形成。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 马来酸非尼拉敏 | pheniramine maleate | 132-20-7 | C4H3O4*C16H21N2 |
|
| 马来酸阿扎他啶 | Azatadin maleate | 3978-86-7 | C4H4O4*C20H22N2 |
|
| 马来酸罗托沙敏 | carbinoxamine maleate | 3505-38-2 | C4H4O4*C16H19ClN2O |
|
| 马来酸溴苯那敏 | RS-brompheniramine maleate | 980-71-2 | C4H4O4*C16H19BrN2 |
|
| 马来酸右氯苯那敏 | dextrochlorpheniramine maleate | 2438-32-6 | C4H4O4*C16H19ClN2 |
|
| 马来酸二甲茚定 | dimetindene maleate | 3614-69-5 | C4H4O4*C20H24N2 |
|
| 非索芬那定 | fexofenadine | 83799-24-0 | C32H39NO4 |
|
| 非尼拉敏 | pheniramine | 86-21-5 | C16H20N2 |
|
| 阿司咪唑 | astemizole | 68844-77-9 | C28H31FN4O |
|
| 阿伐斯汀 | acrivastine | 87848-99-5 | C22H24N2O2 |
|
| 醋酸罗沙替丁 | Pifatidine | 78628-28-1 | C19H28N2O4 |
|
| 赛达斯丁 | setastine | 64294-95-7 | C22H28ClNO |
|
| 西替利嗪 | cetirizine | 83881-51-0 | C21H25ClN2O3 |
|
| 茶苯海明 | dimenhydrinate | 523-87-5 | C7H7ClN4O2*C17H21NO |
|
| 茶氯酸异丙嗪 | (+/-)-dimethyl-(β-phenothiazin-10-yl-isopropyl)-amine; salt of 8-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione | 17693-51-5 | C7H7ClN4O2*C17H20N2S |
|
| 苯茚胺 | phenindamine | 82-88-2 | C19H19N |
|
| 苯海拉明 | 2-diphenylmethoxy-N,N-dimethylethanamine | 58-73-1 | C17H21NO |
|
| 苯托沙敏 | phenyltoloxamine | 92-12-6 | C17H21NO |
|
| 苄哌苯胺 | bamipine | 4945-47-5 | C19H24N2 |
|
| 美喹他嗪 | mequitazine | 29216-28-2 | C20H22N2S |
|
| 美吡拉敏 | pyrilamine | 91-84-9 | C17H23N3O |
|
| 盐酸赛庚啶半水合物 | Cyproheptadine hydrochloride monohydrate | 41354-29-4 | C21H24ClNO |
|
| 盐酸赛庚啶 | cyproheptadine hydrochloride | 969-33-5 | C21H21N*ClH |
|
| 盐酸苯海拉明 | diphenhydramine hydrochloride | 147-24-0 | C17H22NO*Cl |
|
| 盐酸氮卓斯汀 | (R)-Azelastine Hydrochloride | 153408-28-7 | C22H25Cl2N3O |
|
| 盐酸曲普利啶 | hydron;2-[(E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylprop-1-enyl]pyridine;chloride;hydrate | 6138-79-0 | C19H25ClN2O |
|
| 盐酸曲吡那敏 | tripelennamine hydrochloride | 154-69-8 | C16H21N3*ClH |
|
| 盐酸托普帕敏 | dimethyl-(3-phenyl-3-<i>p</i>-tolyl-propyl)-amine; hydrochloride | 3339-11-5 | C18H23N*ClH |
|
| 盐酸异丙嗪 | phenergan | 58-33-3 | C17H21N2S*Cl |
|
| 盐酸二氧丙嗪 | 9,9-Dioxopromethazin | 13582-96-2 | C17H20N2O2S |
|
| 甲硫噻丙铵 | thiazinamium metilsulfate | 58-34-4 | CH3O4S*C18H23N2S |
|
| 琥珀酸多西拉敏 | doxylamine succinate | 562-10-7 | C4H4O4*C17H24N2O |
|
| 特非那定 | terfenadine | 50679-08-8 | C32H41NO2 |
|
| 溴苯那敏 | brompheniramine | 86-22-6 | C16H19BrN2 |
|
| 溴苯海明 | 2-[(4-bromophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-N,N-dimethylethaneamine | 118-23-0 | C17H20BrNO |
|
| 氯雷他定 | loratadine | 79794-75-5 | C22H23ClN2O2 |
|
| 氯苯那敏 | Dipikrylamin | 131-73-7 | C12H5N7O12 |
|
| 氯苯吡醇胺 | 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)-2-pyridinylmethoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine | 486-16-8 | C16H19ClN2O |
|
| 氯哌斯汀 | Cloperastine | 3703-76-2 | C20H24ClNO |
|
| 氯吡林 | Chlorothen | 148-65-2 | C14H18ClN3S |
|
| 氯吡拉敏 | chloropyramine | 59-32-5 | C16H20ClN3 |
|
| 氮卓斯汀 | azelastine | 58581-89-8 | C22H24ClN3O |
|
| 比拉斯汀 | Bilastine | 202189-78-4 | C28H37N3O3 |
|
| 柠檬酸苯托沙敏 | phenyltoloxamine dihydrogen citrate | 1176-08-5 | C6H8O7*C17H21NO |
|
| 松齐拉敏 | thonzylamine | 91-85-0 | C16H22N4O |
|
| 曲普立定 | triprolidine | 486-12-4 | C19H22N2 |
|
| 曲吡那敏 | tripelennamine | 91-81-6 | C16H21N3 |
|
| 托普帕敏 | 1-[3-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-N,N-dimethylamine | 5632-44-0 | C18H23N |
|
| 扑尔敏 | chlorphenamine maleate | 113-92-8 | C4H3O4*C16H20ClN2 |
|
| 异丙嗪 | Promethazine | 60-87-7 | C17H20N2S |
|
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