The Kinetics and Mechanisms of Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions in Liquid Ammonia
作者:Pengju Ji、John H. Atherton、Michael I. Page
DOI:10.1021/jo200170z
日期:2011.5.6
isomer. Oxygen nucleophiles, such as alkoxide and phenoxide ions, readily displace fluorine of 4-NFB in liquid ammonia to give the corresponding substitution product with little or no competing solvolysis product. Using the pKa of the substituted phenols in liquid ammonia, the Brønsted βnuc for the reaction of 4-NFB with para-substituted phenoxides is 0.91, indicative of the removal of most of the negative
液氨中芳族亲核取代反应的速率比质子溶剂中的快得多,这表明液氨在对有机反应的溶剂影响方面表现得像典型的偶极非质子溶剂。硝基氟苯(NFB)易于在液氨中进行溶剂分解,并且2-硝基氟苯的反应活性是4-取代异构体的约30倍。氧亲核试剂,例如醇盐和酚盐离子,很容易将4-NFB的氟置换成液态氨,得到相应的取代产物,而竞争溶剂分解产物很少或没有。使用p ķ一个在液氨的取代苯酚的,所述布朗斯台德β NUC4-NFB与对位取代的酚盐的反应的0.93为常数,表明氧阴离子上大部分负电荷的去除和过渡态下完整的键形成,因此表明Meisenheimerσ-中间体的分解为速率限制。而不受胺和二阶速率常数一般碱催化发生4- NFB的氨解生成布朗斯台德β NUC 0.36使用任一所述p ķ一个乙腈或水中氨离子的含量,也可以通过迈森海默σ中间体的限速分解来解释。叠氮化钠和4-NFB反应生成的硝基苯和重氮是不寻常的产物,这可能是