巯基乙酸 | 68-11-1

• 物质功能分类: 化学试剂 - 有机试剂 - 脂肪酸
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 巯基乙酸
• 中文别名: 硫氢基乙酸；硫代乙醇酸；硫代乙醇酸（TGA）；乙硫醇酸；氢硫基乙酸；2-硫代乙醇酸
• 英文名称: mercaptoacetic acid
• 英文别名: thioglycolic acid；2-mercaptoacetic acid；2-sulfanylacetic acid；TGA；3-mercaptopropionic acid；2-thioglycolic acid；Demethylsulfoniopropionate；2-sulfaniumylacetate
• CAS: 68-11-1
• 化学式: C₂H₄O₂S
• mdl: MFCD00004876
• 分子量: 92.1186
• InChiKey: CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  −16 °C(lit.)
• 沸点：
  96 °C5 mm Hg(lit.)
• 密度：
  1.326 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
• 蒸气密度：
  3.2 (vs air)
• 闪点：
  126 °C
• 溶解度：
  可溶于氯仿（少量）、甲醇（少量）
• 暴露限值：
  TLV-TWA 1 ppm (～3.8 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
• LogP：
  0.090
• 物理描述：
  Thioglycolic acid appears as a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Density 1.325 g / cm3. Used to make permanent wave solutions and depilatories. Corrosive to metals and tissue.
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless liquid
• 气味：
  Strong, unpleasant odor
• 蒸汽密度：
  3.18 (Air = 1)
• 蒸汽压力：
  8.68X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C
• 稳定性/保质期：

  1. 在空气中迅速氧化，少量铜、铁、锰离子的存在能加速这一过程。浓度小于70%（重量）的巯基乙酸水溶液在室温下是稳定的，但高浓度时会生成一定量的各种自酯化物。遇明火或高温时，它能够燃烧并释放出剧毒的硫化氢气体。

  2. 稳定性 [16]：稳定

  3. 避免接触 [17]：强氧化剂

  4. 应避免的条件 [18]：受热

  5. 聚合危害 [19]：不聚合

  6. 分解产物 [20]：硫化物

• 自燃温度：
  350 °C
• 分解：
  When heated to decomp it emits toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides/.
• 粘度：
  6.55 mPa.s (= cP) at 20 °C
• 腐蚀性：
  Corrosive
• 燃烧热：
  1450 kJ/mol
• 汽化热：
  627.2 J/g
• 折光率：
  Index of refraction: 1.5080 at 20 °C/D
• 解离常数：
  pKa = 3.55

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.1
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  38.3
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

少量巯基乙酸的半胱氨酸巯基乙酸混合二硫化物已通过高压纸电泳在人类尿液中得到鉴定。

Small quantities of Thioglycolic Acid, as cysteine-thioglycolic acid mixed disulfide, have been identified in human urine via high-voltage paper electrophoresis.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

硫酸硫代乙醇酸的代谢和排泄在体重200-250克的雄性Holtzman大鼠和成年雄性新西兰兔（体重未说明）中进行了评估。测试物质（100毫克/千克）通过静脉注射给12只大鼠，通过腹膜内（i.p.）注射给10只大鼠。另外，各有2只大鼠通过i.p.注射接受了75毫克/千克的剂量。静脉注射的大鼠（12只）组成一组，而腹膜内注射的大鼠（12只）组成另一组。在注射后24小时收集尿液样本，之后排出了给予的(35)S，并确定了排泄百分比。静脉注射大鼠的平均尿硫酸盐含量为82.3% + 1.6%，腹膜内注射大鼠为90.6% + 1.8%。大部分放射性以中性硫酸盐的形式排出。两只兔子通过i.p.注射接受了100毫克/千克的测试物质，一只兔子通过i.p.注射接受了200毫克/千克的剂量。在注射后24小时收集尿液样本。三只兔子的平均尿硫含量为给予剂量的88%。与大鼠一样，大部分放射性以中性硫酸盐的形式排出。此外，硫代乙醇酸（100-150毫克/千克，无放射性）通过i.p.注射给一组7只兔子。在注射后24小时，尿液中检测到显著浓度的二硫代乙醇酸盐（平均浓度28%）。仅检测到微量的硫代乙醇酸盐。

The metabolism and excretion of [(35)S]Thioglycolic Acid was evaluated in male Holtzman rats (weight 200-250 g) and in adult male New Zealand rabbits (weights not stated). The test substance (100 mg/kg) was administered to 12 rats via i.v. injection and to 10 rats via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Also, 2 rats were each given 75 mg/kg via i.p. injection. Animals injected i.v. (12 rats) comprised 1 group, and those injected i.p. (12 rats) comprised the other. Urine samples were collected 24 hours after injection, after which the administered (35)S was excreted, and excretion percentages were determined. The mean urine sulfate content for i.v. dosed rats was 82.3% + 1.6% and for i.p. dosed rats was 90.6% + 1.8%. Most of the radioactivity was excreted in the form of neutral sulfate. Two rabbits were injected i.p. with 100 mg/kg of the test substance, and 1 rabbit was injected i.p. with 200 mg/kg. Urine samples were collected 24 hours after injection. The mean urine sulfur content of the 3 rabbits was 88% of the administered dose. As was true for rats, most of the radioactivity was excreted in the form of neutral sulfate. Additionally, Thioglycolic Acid (100-150 mg/kg, no radioactivity) was administered to a group of 7 rabbits via i.p. injection. Significant concentrations of dithioglycolate (average concentration 28%) were detected in the urine at 24 hr after injection. Only negligible concentrations of Thioglycolate were detected.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

识别和使用：巯基乙酸是一种清晰、无色的液体，具有强烈且不愉快的气味。它用于制造药品、硫代乙醇酸盐、永久卷发剂、脱毛剂，并作为PVC稳定剂。它是铁、钼、银、锡的敏感试剂。巯基乙酸也用作头发烫发剂。此外，它还用于液压破碎混合物中，以防止金属氧化物（铁控制）的沉淀。人类暴露和毒性：接触发型师使用的“冷烫”材料的硫代乙醇酸盐，常常会导致头皮、面部和手部的湿疹性皮疹。据报道，这种材料被吸收的量足以导致死亡。一种含有4.5%硫代乙醇酸的基础乳液被应用于患者的2 x 2厘米的面积。10分钟后冲洗部位。所有受试者都没有炎症迹象。12小时后，将乳液应用于阴部、会阴和阴囊区域，并在10分钟后冲洗。乳液对大多数患者来说并不刺激。一些患者抱怨阴囊周围有热感，但仅持续几分钟。硫代乙醇酸（TGA）是永久卷发剂（PWS）的有效成分。评估了含TGA的PWS对人类健康的影响，分为三个子研究。首先，研究了57名接触含TGA的PWS的女发型师（病例组）和64名女教师（对照组）。通过访谈获取的信息评估了她们的月经状况。结果显示，病例组的月经不调率显著高于对照组。其次，从上述调查中选出的8名女发型师进行了尿液致突变活性的波动测试。选择了8名女医学生作为对照组。两组之间在S. tiphymurium TA100的尿液致突变活性差异非常显著。最后，对健康志愿者的头皮毛囊细胞进行了微核试验。在永久卷发前和卷发后24、48和72小时，从8名男性和8名女性志愿者身上取样带有毛囊细胞团的头皮毛发。通过光学显微镜检查了一千个毛囊细胞。确定了含有微核的细胞数量和每个细胞中的微核数量。比较了永久卷发前后毛囊细胞中微核的千分比。微核的存在在永久卷发后24小时达到峰值，显著高于卷发前。24小时后，微核率逐渐降低。在没有代谢活化的情况下，硫代乙醇酸在高达300 µg/mL的浓度下，在有代谢活化的情况下，在高达1000 µg/mL的浓度下，进行了人类淋巴细胞的体外染色体畸变试验。暴露时间为24和48小时（无S9混合物）和2小时（有S9混合物）。在没有S9混合物的情况下，300 µg/板的浓度下观察到细胞毒性，而在有S9混合物的情况下，浓度在1000 µg/mL及以上观察到细胞毒性。硫代乙醇酸没有在细胞结构染色体畸变数量上诱导与未处理对照组相比的生物相关增加。通过高压纸电泳，在人类尿液中以半胱氨酸-硫代乙醇酸混合二硫化物的形式发现了少量的硫代乙醇酸。动物研究：5%的硫代乙醇酸在300 mg/kg的剂量下导致一只猴子死亡。经皮肤给予660 mg/kg剂量的TGA的大鼠在24小时内死亡，而330 mg/kg剂量组的大鼠无死亡。以下TGA的影响已被报告：增强豚鼠肠道和子宫对缓激肽诱导的收缩；使唾液腺激素b-腮腺激素的降钙活性失活；刺激豚鼠皮肤组氨酸酶活性；在过氧化氢生成系统的存在下，抑制牛甲状腺的甲状腺碘化酶系统；抑制大鼠子宫对催产素的反应；在大鼠中产生糖尿病效应；降低大鼠肝琥珀酸氧化酶活性；降低牛抗利尿激素活性；抑制脂肪酸氧化。研究了TGA对小鼠卵母细胞成熟和体外受精（IVF）的影响，通过小鼠卵母细胞体外培养和IVF的方法。结果：结果显示，TGA可以抑制小鼠卵母细胞在体外培养中的生殖泡破裂（GVBD），但对体内GVBD没有影响。TGA还可以抑制第一极体的排出，影响小鼠卵母细胞的质量和活力，降低IVF的受精率和通过超排卵刺激的卵母细胞数量。TGA可能对小鼠卵母细胞的减数成熟有害，并可能降低卵母细胞的生育能力。这意味着TGA在一定程度上对雌性小鼠具有生殖毒性。使用S. typhimurium菌株TA 1535、TA 1537和TA 1538，无论有无代谢活化，TGA均不具致突变性。在果蝇中进行了一种性连锁隐性致死突变试验，以评估硫代乙醇酸的致突变潜力。测试溶液对309个X染色体没有致突变性。在小鼠中完成了硫代乙醇酸的体内微核试验，通过口服和皮肤给药途径，未发现遗传毒性。在注射

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Mecracaptoacetic acid is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor. It is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, thioglycolates, permanent wave solutions, depilatories, and as a vinyl stabilizer. It is a sensitive reagent for iron, molybdenum, silver, tin. Mercaptoacetic acid is also used as a hair waving agent. In addition it is used in hydraulic fracturing mixtures to prevent precipitation of metal oxides (iron control). HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: An eczematous rash of the scalp, face & hands often results from contact with the thioglycolate of "cold wave" material used by hairdressers. This material has been reported to be absorbed in sufficient quantity to cause death. A lotion base containing 4.5% Thioglycolic Acid was applied to a 2 x 2-cm area of patients. Sites were rinsed 10 minutes later. None of the subjects had signs of inflammation. After a 12-hour interval, the lotion was applied to pubic, perineal, and scrotal regions, and sites were rinsed 10 minutes later. The lotion was not irritating to majority of the patients. Some patients complained of a hot sensation around the scrotum that lasted for only a few minutes. Thioglycolic acid (TGA) is the active ingredient of permanent-waving solution (PWS). The effect of TGA-containing PWS on the health of a human population was evaluated in 3 substudies. Firstly, 57 female hairdressers exposed to TGA-containing PWS (cases) and 64 female schoolteachers (controls) were studied. Their menstruation state was evaluated with information obtained from interviews. The results revealed that the menoxenia rate in the cases was significantly higher than that in the controls. Secondly, 8 female hairdressers selected from those that participated in the above survey underwent a fluctuation test for the mutagenic activity of urine. Eight female medical students were chosen as controls. Difference in the mutagenic activity of urine on S. tiphymurium TA100 between the two groups was highly significant. Finally, a micronucleus assay was carried out on scalp hair follicle cells in healthy volunteers. Scalp hair with the follicle cell mass was sampled from 8 male and 8 female volunteers before permanent waving and at 24, 48 and 72 hr after waving. One thousand hair follicle cells were examined by light microscopy. The number of cells containing a micronucleus and the number of micronuclei in each cell was determined. The permillages of micronuclei in hair follicle cells before and after permanent waving were compared. Micronuclei presence reached its peak value 24 hr after permanent waving, which was significantly higher than that before waving. The rate decreased progressively after 24 hr. Thioglycolic acid was tested at concentrations of up to 300 ug/mL without metabolic activation and of up to 1000 ug/mL with metabolic activation in an in vitro chromosome aberration test in human lymphocytes. Exposures were for 24 and 48 hours in absence of S9-mix and 2 hours in presence of S9-mix. Cytotoxicity was observed at a concentration of 300 ug/plate without S9-mix and at and above 1000 ug/mL with S9-mix. Thioglycolic acid did not induce a biological relevant increase in the number of cells with structural chromosome aberrations compared to the untreated controls in this test. Small quantities of Thioglycolic Acid, as cysteine-thioglycolic acid mixed disulfide, have been identified in human urine via high-voltage paper electrophoresis. ANIMAL STUDIES: Thioglycolic Acid (5%) caused death in a monkey at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Rats receiving the 660 mg/kg dose of TGA dermally died within 24 hours, whereas none of the animals in the 330 mg/kg dose group died. The following effects of TGA have been reported: potentiation of bradykinin-induced contractions of guinea pig gut and uterus; inactivation of hypocalcemic activity of the salivary gland hormone, b-parotin; stimulation of guinea pig skin histidase activity; inhibition of thyroid iodinating enzyme system (in calf thyroid) in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide-generating system; inhibition of uterine response to oxytocin in rats; diabetogenic effect in rats; reduction of rat hepatic succinoxidase activity; reduction of bovine antidiuretic factor activity; and inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. The effects of TGA on oocyte maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) in mice were studied by the method in vitro culture and IVF in mice oocyte. Results: The results showed that TGA could inhibit the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) of mouse oocyte in vitro culture, but had no impact on GVBD in vivo. TGA could also inhibit the extruding of first polar baby and affect the quality and viability of mouse oocytes and reduce the fertilization rate of IVF and the oocytes number which were stimulated through superovulation. TGA might be hazardous to the meiotic maturation of mouse oocyte and might reduce the fertility of oocyte. That meant TGA had a reproductive toxicity to female mice to some extent. TGA was not mutagenic using S. typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538 with or without metabolic activation. A sex-linked recessive lethal mutation test was used in Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate the mutagenic potential of Thioglycolic Acid. The test solution was not mutagenic to any of the 309 X chromosomes tested. In vivo micronucleus testing of Thioglycolic Acid has been completed in the mouse, by oral and dermal routes of administration and no genotoxicity was found. Significant concentrations of dithioglycolate were detected in the urine of rats at 24 hr after injection. Only negligible concentrations of Thioglycolate were detected.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

这种物质可以通过吸入、皮肤接触和摄入被身体吸收。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入，皮肤吸收，吞食，皮肤和/或眼睛接触

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

毒理性

• 症状

眼睛、皮肤、鼻子、喉咙刺激；流泪（泪水排出），角膜损伤；皮肤烧伤，水泡；在动物中：乏力（虚弱，疲惫）；喘息；抽搐

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; lacrimation (discharge of tears), corneal damage; skin burns, blisters; In Animals: lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); gasping respirations; convulsions

来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

毒理性

• 吸入症状

腹部绞痛。灼热感。咳嗽。呼吸困难。气短。喉咙痛。症状可能延迟出现。

Abdominal cramps. Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

吸收、分配和排泄

放射性在小肠和肾脏中最大的是注射了50毫克/千克[(35)S]巯基乙醇酸的大鼠。在注射后0.5到7小时内，剩余的35S血药浓度在给予100毫克/千克[(35)S]巯基乙醇酸的大鼠中未超过5.3%。在通过静脉和腹腔注射给予大鼠100毫克/千克[(35)S]巯基乙醇酸24小时后，大部分放射性以中性硫酸盐的形式通过尿液排出。类似的结果也出现在家兔接受100和200毫克/千克[(35)S]巯基乙醇酸的剂量后。在注射100-150毫克/千克巯基乙醇酸24小时后，家兔尿液中检测到显著浓度的二巯基乙醇酸盐。

radioactivity was greatest in the small intestine and kidneys of a rat that was injected i.v. with 50 mg/kg of [(35)S]Thioglycolic Acid. Residual 35S blood concentrations at 0.5 to 7 hours after injection did not exceed 5.3% in rats dosed with 100 mg/kg of [(35)S]Thioglycolic Acid. Most of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine in the form of neutral sulfate 24 hours after 100 mg/kg of [(35)S]Thioglycolic Acid was administered to groups of rats via i.v. and i.p. injection. Similar results were noted after rabbits received 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of [(35)S]Thioglycolic Acid. Significant concentrations of dithioglycolate were detected in the urine of rabbits 24 hours after Thioglycolic Acid (100-150 mg/kg) was injected i.p.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

将25.0%溶液（330毫克/千克）的[(35)S]硫代乙醇酸按照30%至40%的稀释度涂抹在兔子的背部皮肤上，5小时内被排出体外。

A 30% to 40% dilution of a 25.0% solution (330 mg/kg) of [(35)S]Thioglycolic Acid applied to dorsal skin of rabbits was excreted within 5 hours.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

霍尔特zman大鼠（体重200-250克）和一只成年新西兰兔（体重未说明）静脉注射[(35)S]硫代乙醇酸后，研究了放射性在体内的分布。一只大鼠静脉注射了50毫克/公斤的测试物质，并在1小时后处死。放射性在小肠和肾脏中最高，在肝脏和胃中较少，在大脑、心脏、肺、脾、睾丸、肌肉、皮肤和骨骼中最少。35S的最大含量，占总给药量的0.66%，在粪便中检测到。作者们认为，这一观察结果可能是由于在收集后从笼子中冲洗尿液残留物时，粪便被尿液污染所致。在6只静脉注射100毫克/公斤测试物质的大鼠中评估了全血中(35)S的分布，并在长达7小时的时间内采血。在注射后0.5至7小时内，6只动物中的剩余(35)S血浓度均未超过5.3%。进一步研究了新西兰兔中[(35)S]硫代乙醇酸在血液中的分布，重点是以下血清蛋白组分：a1-、a2-、b-和g-球蛋白和白蛋白的结合。测试物质（70毫克/公斤）静脉注射。大部分放射性与白蛋白结合。这种摄取的程度在注射后20分钟时为0.14%，在3小时时已减少到0.016%。在白蛋白中检测到的少量放射性可能是由于同位素交换。

The distribution of radioactivity in Holtzman rats (weights 200-250 g) and in an adult New Zealand rabbit (weight not stated) after i.v. injection of [(35)S]Thioglycolic Acid were investigated. One rat was injected i.v. with 50 mg/kg of the test substance and killed 1 hour later. Radioactivity was greatest in the small intestine and kidneys, less in the liver and stomach, and least in the brain, heart, lungs, spleen, testes, muscle, skin, and bone. The greatest content of 35S, 0.66% of the total administered, was detected in the feces. The authors suggested that this observation may have been due to contamination of the feces with urine missed during the rinsing of urine residue from the cage after collection. The distribution of (35)S in whole blood was evaluated in 6 rats injected i.v. with 100 mg/kg of the test substance and bled during periods of up to 7 hours. Residual (35)S blood concentrations during 0.5 to 7 hours after injection did not exceed 5.3% in any of the 6 animals. The distribution of [(35)S]Thioglycolic Acid in the blood was further investigated in the New Zealand rabbit, with emphasis on binding to the following serum protein fractions: a1-, a2-, b-, and g-globulins and albumin. The test substance (70 mg/kg) was injected i.v. Most of the radioactivity was bound to albumin. The extent of this uptake amounted to 0.14% at 20 minutes after injection and had diminished to 0.016% at 3 hours. The small amount of radioactivity detected in albumin might have been due to isotopic exchange.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 职业暴露等级：
  B
• 职业暴露限值：
  TWA: 1 ppm (4 mg/m3) [skin]
• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  8
• 危险品标志：
  T+
• 安全说明：
  S23,S25,S27,S28,S28C,S36/37,S45
• 危险类别码：
  R26,R34,R24/25
• WGK Germany：
  1
• 海关编码：
  2930909090
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 1940 8/PG 2
• 危险类别：
  8
• RTECS号：
  AI5950000
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险标志：
  GHS05,GHS06
• 危险性描述：
  H301 + H311 + H331,H314
• 危险性防范说明：
  P280,P301 + P310 + P330,P303 + P361 + P353,P304 + P340 + P310,P305 + P351 + P338,P403 + P233
• 储存条件：
  储存注意事项： - 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。 - 远离火种、热源，保持容器密封。 - 应与氧化剂分开存放，切忌混储。 - 配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。 - 储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

SDS

国标编号:	81611
ＣＡＳ:	68-11-1
中文名称:	巯基乙酸
英文名称:	thioglycolic acid;mercaptoacetic acid
别 名:	硫氢基乙酸；硫代乙醇酸
分子式:	C 2 H 4 O 2 S；HSCH 2 COOH
分子量:	92.12
熔 点:	-16.5℃ 沸点：123℃/
密 度:	相对密度(水=1)1.33
蒸汽压:	>110℃
溶解性:	与水混溶，可混溶于乙醇、乙醚，溶于普通溶剂
稳定性:	稳定
外观与性状:	无色透明液体，有强烈令人不愉快的气味
危险标记:	20(酸性腐蚀品)
用 途:	用作测定铁的试剂及稳定剂，用于药水、烫发水制造等

2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害

侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害：本品的毒作用，可能是其与某些酶的巯基的特殊作用有关，本品有强烈的刺激性。眼接触可致严重损害，导致永久性失明。可致皮肤灼伤；对皮肤有致敏性，引起过敏性皮炎。能经皮肤吸收引起中毒，动物皮肤贴敷本品10%溶液<5mL/kg即引起死亡。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为

毒性：属高毒类。其毒作用可能是与某些酶的巯基特殊作用有关。
急性毒性：LD50<50mg/kg(大鼠经口)；250mg/kg(小鼠经口)

危险特性：遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。受热分解产生有毒的硫化物烟气。具有较强的腐蚀性。
燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、硫化物。

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3.现场应急监测方法:

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4.实验室监测方法:
用碘-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮容量测定有机化合物：I直接测定[刊，西班牙]/Hernandez Mendez J.；Gonzalez Perez C.，Espada Saenz-Torre M.//Stud.Chem.Univ.Salamanca.-1984，(9).-57～64 《分析化学文摘》1987.8

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5.环境标准:
前苏联 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.1mg/m3[皮]

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6.应急处理处置方法:
一、泄漏应急处理

迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿防酸碱工作服。不要直接接触泄漏物，尽可能切断泄漏源，防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可以用大量水冲洗，洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。

二、防护措施

呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，应该佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，建议佩戴自给式呼吸器。
眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。
防护服：穿防酸碱工作服。
手防护：戴橡胶耐酸碱手套。
其它：工作场所禁止吸烟、进食和饮水，饭前要洗手。工作毕，淋浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后备用。保持良好的卫生习惯。

三、急救措施

皮肤接触：脱去被污染的衣着，用大量流动清水冲洗，至少15分钟。就医。
眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。
吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入：误服者用水漱口，洗胃。给饮牛奶或蛋清。就医。

灭火方法：灭火剂：雾状水、泡沫、砂土。

制备方法与用途

提纯方法

巯基乙酸工业生产的方法有硫氢化钠法、硫代硫酸钠法、多硫化钠法等。这些方法均需要从巯基乙酸的水溶液中分离提取巯基乙酸。巯基乙酸的水溶液主要成分有9.0％～11.0％的巯基乙酸、20％～24.0％氯化钠和水。具体的分离步骤如下：

1. 将巯基乙酸水溶液进行第一次浓缩减压蒸馏脱水；
2. 对步骤（1）得到的浓缩液进行压滤，分离出固体氯化钠；
3. 将步骤（2）所得的滤液进行第二次浓缩，浓缩液进行压滤；
4. 将步骤（2）和（3）所得的固体氯化钠合并后进行洗涤，回收夹带的巯基乙酸；
5. 将步骤（3）所得巯基乙酸的浓缩液加入稳定剂后减压精馏分离出巯基乙酸成品。

化学性质

纯品巯基乙酸为无色透明液体，工业品为微黄色至无色，具有强烈刺激性气味。它能与水、乙醇和乙醚混溶。烫发类产品利用巯基乙酸断裂头发中的部分二硫化键来改变头发的弯曲程度，以达到烫发、美发效果。但是，巯基乙酸具有毒性，易经皮肤和呼吸道吸收，造成皮肤损伤过敏等症状，甚至影响机体代谢，长期接触会引起多种组织器官损伤，并具有较强的致突变性和生殖毒性。因此，需要对其进行严格的控制。

用途

巯基乙酸（TGA）主要用作毛毯整理剂及冷烫液的原料。它既具羟酸的反应特征，又具巯基的反应特征，其中最重要的反应是与二硫化物之间的反应。特别是在碱性条件下与头发中的胱氨酸反应，切断胱氨酸的（-S-S-）键，生成易于卷曲的半胱氨酸。主要用作卷发剂、脱毛剂、聚氯乙烯低毒或无毒稳定剂、聚合反应的引发剂、加速剂及链转移剂、金属表面处理剂。此外，巯基乙酸是检定铁、钼、铝、锡等的敏感试剂；也可作为聚丙烯加工成型时的结晶成核剂以及涂料、纤维的改性剂、毛毯速理剂。

用途

巯基乙酸除用作头孢维曲（Cefivitril）的中间体，还广泛用作卷发剂、脱毛剂、PVC低毒或无毒稳定剂、金属表面处理剂和聚合反应的引发剂、加速剂及链转移剂。

用途

铁、钼、银、锡的灵敏试剂。其铵盐及钠盐用作卷发冷烫剂，钙盐为脱毛剂。

生产方法

由有机或无机含硫化合物与一氯乙酸的钠、钾盐反应得到巯基乙酸。例如，一氯乙酸与硫化钠、硫磺反应生成二硫二乙酸，然后用锌和酸还原；或者硫代氨基甲酸酯与一氯乙酸反应，其产物经水解而得；再如一氯乙酸与硫脲反应，生成异硫脲代乙酸，然后用氢氧化钡转化沉淀，再用硫酸酸化制成巯基乙酸水溶液，经蒸发可制得60%-70%溶液，收率70%以上。

类别

腐蚀物品

毒性分级

高毒

急性毒性

口服- 大鼠 LD50: 114毫克/公斤；口服- 小鼠 LD50: 242毫克/公斤

刺激数据

皮肤- 人 3%

可燃性危险特性

可燃；燃烧产生有毒硫氧化物烟雾

储运特性

库房通风低温干燥; 与氧化剂、碱类分开存放。

灭火剂

砂土、泡沫、雾状水

职业标准

TLV-TWA 1 PPM (4毫克/立方米); STEL 3 PPM (15毫克/立方米)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  巯基乙酸 生成 (甲硫基)乙酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Winbladh, # 138, p. 29

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  二硫醇二羟基乙酸 在 盐酸 、 tin 作用下， 生成 巯基乙酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Ginsburg; Bondzynski, Chemische Berichte, 1886, vol. 19, p. 114,117

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  在 RuCl2(1,3-dimesityl-imidazolidin-2-yl)(PCy3)(=CHPh) 、 lithium aluminium tetrahydride 、 caesium carbonate 、 戴斯-马丁氧化剂 、 巯基乙酸 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 甲醇 、 二氯甲烷 、 水 为溶剂， 反应 35.0h， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  FUSED CYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF

  摘要：

  The invention relates to fused cyclic compounds, a composition containing the same and the use thereof.

  公开号：

  WO2024120433A1

文献信息

• Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
  申请人：Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated

  公开号：US20150231142A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-08-20

  The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.

  本发明涉及含有上皮钠通道活性抑制剂与至少一种ABC转运蛋白调节剂化合物（A式、B式、C式或D式）的药物组合物。该发明还涉及这些药物配方，以及使用这些组合物治疗CFTR介导的疾病，特别是囊性纤维化的方法。
• 腈及其相应胺的制造方法
  申请人：中国石油化工股份有限公司

  公开号：CN104557610B

  公开（公告）日：2018-04-27

  本发明涉及一种腈的制造方法，与现有技术相比，具有氨源用量显著降低、环境压力小、能耗低、生产成本低、腈产物的纯度和收率高等特点，并且能够获得结构更为复杂的腈。本发明还涉及由该腈制造相应胺的方法。
• Synthesis of 5-hydroxy- and 5-sulfanyl-substituted [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-е][1,4]diazepines
  作者：Sergiy V. Kemskiy、Natalia A. Syrota、Andriy V. Bol’but、Viktor I. Dorokhov、Mykhaylo V. Vovk

  DOI：10.1007/s10593-018-2350-7

  日期：2018.8

  5-Amino-N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-1Н-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides in formic acid were subjected to intramolecular cyclization to 5-hydroxy[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-е][1,4]diazepines, which were converted by treatment with S-nucleophiles to 5-thio-functionalized derivatives.

  5-氨基- ñ - （2,2-二甲氧基乙基）-1- Н 1,2,3-三唑-4-甲酰胺在甲酸进行分子内环化以5-羟基- [1,2,3]三唑并[4 ，5- е ] [1,4]二氮杂,，通过用S-亲核试剂处理将其转化为5-硫代官能化衍生物。
• Fast Ruthenium-Catalysed Allylation of Thiols by Using Allyl Alcohols as Substrates
  作者：Alexey B. Zaitsev、Helen F. Caldwell、Paul S. Pregosin、Luis F. Veiros

  DOI：10.1002/chem.200900192

  日期：2009.6.22

  Green and fast: Allylation of aromatic and aliphatic thiols, by using allyl alcohols as substrates, requires only minutes at ambient temperature with a Ru catalyst (see scheme). Quantitative conversion is normal and the catalyst possesses high functional‐group tolerance.

  绿色快速：通过使用烯丙醇作为底物，芳香和脂肪族硫醇的烯丙基化在室温下使用Ru催化剂仅需数分钟（见方案）。定量转化是正常的，该催化剂具有较高的官能团耐受性。
• [EN] SUBSTITUTED BENZYLAMINE COMPOUNDS, THEIR USE IN MEDICINE, AND IN PARTICULAR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE BENZYLAMINE SUBSTITUÉS, LEUR UTILISATION EN MÉDECINE, EN PARTICULIER DANS LE TRAITEMENT D'UNE INFECTION PAR LE VIRUS DE L'HÉPATITE C (VHC)
  申请人：ASTEX THERAPEUTICS LTD

  公开号：WO2013064538A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-05-10

  The invention provides compounds of the formula (I): or a salt, N-oxide or tautomer thereof, wherein A is CH, CF or nitrogen; E is CH, CF or nitrogen; and R0 is hydrogen or C1-2 alkyl; R1a is selected from CONH2; CO2H; an optionally substituted acyclic C1-8 hydrocarbon group; and an optionally substituted monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group of 3 to 7 ring members, of which 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 are heteroatom ring members selected from O, N and S; R2 is selected from hydrogen and a group R2a; R2a is selected from an optionally substituted acyclic d-8 hydrocarbon group; an optionally substituted monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group of 3 to 7 ring members, of which 0, 1 or 2 ring members are heteroatom ring members selected from O, N and S; and an optionally substituted bicyclic heterocyclic group of 9 or 10 ring members, of which 1 or 2 ring members are nitrogen atoms; wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is other than hydrogen; R3 is an optionally substituted 3- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2 or 3 heteroatom ring members selected from N, O and S; R4a is selected from halogen; cyano; C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; C1-4 alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; hydroxy-C1-4 alkyl; and C1-2 alkoxy-C1-4 alkyl; R5 is selected from hydrogen and a substituent R5a; and R5a is selected from C1-2 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; C1-3 alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; halogen; cyclopropyl; cyano; and amino, The compounds have activity against hepatitis C virus and can be used in the prevention or treatment of hepatitis C viral infections.

  该发明提供了以下式（I）的化合物，或其盐、N-氧化物或互变异构体，其中A为CH、CF或氮；E为CH、CF或氮；R0为氢或C1-2烷基；R1a选自CONH2；CO2H；一个可选择取代的非环状C1-8碳氢化合物基团；以及一个可选择取代的含有3至7个环成员的单环碳环或杂环基团，其中0、1、2、3或4个是从O、N和S中选择的杂原子环成员；R2选自氢和一个基团R2a；R2a选自一个可选择取代的非环状d-8碳氢化合物基团；一个可选择取代的含有3至7个环成员的单环碳环或杂环基团，其中0、1或2个环成员是从O、N和S中选择的杂原子环成员；以及一个可选择取代的含有9或10个环成员的双环杂环基团，其中1或2个环成员是氮原子；其中R1和R2中至少一个不是氢；R3选自一个可选择取代的含有0、1、2或3个从N、O和S中选择的杂原子环成员的3至10个成员的单环或双环碳环或杂环环；R4a选自卤素；氰基；C1-4烷基，可选择取代一个或多个氟原子；C1-4烷氧基，可选择取代一个或多个氟原子；羟基-C1-4烷基；和C1-2烷氧基-C1-4烷基；R5选自氢和一个取代基R5a；R5a选自C1-2烷基，可选择取代一个或多个氟原子；C1-3烷氧基，可选择取代一个或多个氟原子；卤素；环丙基；氰基；和氨基。这些化合物对丙型肝炎病毒具有活性，并可用于预防或治疗丙型肝炎病毒感染。

表征谱图