Dibromomethane appears as a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Insoluble in water and denser than water. May be toxic by ingestion. Used as a solvent and as a motor fuel.
颜色/状态:
Clear, colorless liquid
蒸汽密度:
6.05 (Air= 1)
蒸汽压力:
44.4 mm Hg @ 25 °C
亨利常数:
8.22e-04 atm-m3/mole
大气OH速率常数:
1.13e-13 cm3/molecule*sec
自燃温度:
515 °C
分解:
When heated to decomp it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen bromide/.
MASS SPECTRAL STUDIES USING (18)O2 SHOWED THAT (18)O-CO WAS PRODUCED INDICATING THAT OXYGEN WAS INCORPORATED DURING THE REACTION. A PRIMARY DEUTERIUM ISOTOPE EFFECT WAS OBSERVED FOR CONVERSION OF DICHLOROMETHANE TO CARBON MONOXIDE BOTH BY LONG-EVANS RAT HEPATIC MICROSOMAL FRACTIONS & BY STANNOUS PHOSPHATE MODEL SYSTEM. INCUBATION OF DIBROMOMETHANE IN THE MODEL SYSTEM IN THE PRESENCE OF 3,4-DIMETHYLANILINE RESULTED IN FORMATION OF 3,4-FORMOXYLIDIDE, SUPPORTING THE INTERMEDIACY OF A FORMYL HALIDE. A MECHANISM FOR THE METABOLISM OF DIHALOMETHANES TO CARBON MONOXIDE IS PROPOSED.
Halogenated methanes, in particular the brominated homologs, including dibromomethane and tribromomethane were subjected to biochemical decomposition in vitro by the cytochrome p450 rich fraction of the monooxygenase liver system. No significant contribution of GSH addition to the overall rate of metabolism of the halogenated methanes could be observed.
Treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with sodium phenobarbital (50 mg/kg in 0.9% saline for 4 days) or 3-methylcholanthrene (20 mg/kg in corn oil for 2 days) resulted in increased metabolism of dibromomethane (3 m mol/kg) to carbon monoxide.
Biotransformation of dihalomethanes leads to dehalogenation & end product is carbon monoxide. In the case of dichloromethane the carbon monoxide appears to arise from formyl halide. This intermediate, as an alternative to losing carbon monoxide, can covalently bind to cellular protein or lipid. The involvement of nonmicrosomal enzymes in dihalomethane biotransformation leads to prodn of formaldehyde & halide. A necessary step is the reaction of dihalomethane with glutathione, which results in loss of one halide. The resulting halomethylglutathione is postulated to undergo nonenzymatic hydrolytic dehalogenation leaving hydroxymethylglutathione. The next step would result in the release of the hydroxymethyl group as formaldehyde. Alternatively it has been shown that in the presence of formaldehyde dehydrogenase & NAD /nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide/ formic acid can be formed. /Dichloromethane/
Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
这种物质可以通过吸入、摄入和皮肤接触被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, by ingestion and through the skin.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
暴露途径
口服(L626);吸入(L626);皮肤给药(L626)
Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
吸收、分配和排泄
它...即使反复涂抹在兔子的眼睛和皮肤上,似乎也没有被显著吸收。
IT ... DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE ABSORBED SIGNIFICANTLY EVEN WHEN APPLIED REPEATEDLY /TO EYES AND SKIN OF RABBITS/.
Interactions of “Bora-Penicilloates” with Serine β-Lactamases and DD-Peptidases
作者:Liudmila Dzhekieva、S. A. Adediran、R. F. Pratt
DOI:10.1021/bi500970f
日期:2014.10.21
intermediate/transition state analogue inhibitors of serine amidohydrolases. This group of enzymes includes bacterial β-lactamases and DD-peptidases where there has been considerable development of boronic acid inhibitors. This paper describes the synthesis, determination of the inhibitory activity, and analysis of the results from two α-(2-thiazolidinyl) boronic acids that are closer analogues of particular tetrahedral
特定的硼酸通常是丝氨酸酰胺水解酶的强力四面体中间体/过渡态类似物抑制剂。这组酶包括细菌 β-内酰胺酶和 DD-肽酶,其中硼酸抑制剂的发展相当可观。本文描述了两种 α-(2-噻唑烷基) 硼酸的合成、抑制活性的测定和结果分析,这些 α-(2-噻唑烷基) 硼酸是参与 β-内酰胺酶和 DD-肽酶催化的特定四面体中间体的更接近类似物,而不是先前描述的那些. 其中之一,2-[1-(二羟基硼烷基)(2-苯基乙酰胺基)甲基]-5,5-二甲基-1,3-噻唑烷-4-羧酸,是这些酶的脱酰四面体中间体的直接类似物。这些化合物是 C 类 β-内酰胺酶的微摩尔抑制剂,但是,非常出乎意料的是,不是 A 类 β-内酰胺酶的抑制剂。我们根据硼酸抑制 A 类酶的新机制对后一个结果进行了合理化。由于中间体在其形成途径上的不稳定性,无法获得稳定的抑制复合物。新的硼酸也不抑制细菌 DD 肽酶(青霉素结合蛋白)。该结果强烈支持先前提出的
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Adjacent Acyclic Quaternary-Tertiary Motifs: Application to a Concise Total Synthesis of (−)-Filiformin
作者:Daniel J. Blair、Catherine J. Fletcher、Katherine M. P. Wheelhouse、Varinder K. Aggarwal
DOI:10.1002/anie.201400944
日期:2014.5.26
developed for the synthesis of acyclic quaternary‐tertiary motifs with full control of relative and absolute stereochemistry, thus leading to all four possible isomers of a stereodiad. A novel intramolecular Zweifel‐type olefination enabled acyclic stereocontrol to be transformed into cyclic stereocontrol. These key steps have been applied to the shortest enantioselective synthesis of (−)‐filiformin
Isobenzofurans as Synthetic Intermediates: Synthesis and Biological Activity of 8‐
<i>epi</i>
‐(–)‐Ajudazol B
作者:Liam Adair、Ben A. Egan、Colin M. Pearson、Ricardo Lopez‐Gonzalez、Michal Kuchar、Artemio Mendoza‐Mendoza、Joëlle Prunet、Rodolfo Marquez
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.202001216
日期:2020.11.15
The step‐economic convergent total synthesis of 8‐epi‐(–)‐ajudazol B has been achieved taking advantage of isobenzofuran as synthetic intermediates. This approach proves the synthetic utility of isobenzofurans as reactive intermediates and provides a fast and efficient way to generate ajudazol analogues with anti‐fungal activity through minimal manipulation.
A facile and efficient approach for the synthesis of spirooxindoles has been developed via the coupling of spirocyclic C, C-palladacycles with CH2Br2. The key spirocyclic palladacycles are generated catalytically via intramolecular remote C–H activation. A range of spirooxindoles can be synthesized in good to excellent yields from readily available starting materials.
Melanocortin-4 receptor binding compounds and methods of use thereof
申请人:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
公开号:US20040082779A1
公开(公告)日:2004-04-29
Provided are MC4-R binding compounds of the formula XVII:
1
wherein L
2
is a linker group, and P
1
, P
2
, P
3
, P
4
, Z
1
, Z
2
, Z
3
, Z
4
, Z
5
, t, s, and R are as described in the specification. Methods of using the compounds to treat MC4-R associated disorders, such as disorders associated with weight loss, are also provided.