Studies on the effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on diffusion of moderately lipophilic solutes (e.g., butyramide, isobutyramide, & antipyrine, each solute having an oil/water partition > or = 0.0008) across luminal membranes of rabbit cortical collecting tubules, & the effects of ADH on the apparent activation energies (EA, kcal/mol) for water & solute permeation across these tubules revealed that: ADH produced a 60-100% incr in the permeation rates for these solutes, the ADH-dependent apparent EA for water permeation was 9.35 kcal/mol, & the ADH-dependent apparent EA for permeation of moderately lipophilic solutes was in the range 15.8-19.6 kcal/mol. (antidiuretic hormone, Butyramide, Isobutyramide, Antipyrine)
Pyrazole, previously reported to inhibit ethanol oxidation in rats, also effectively blocked the in vivo metab of methanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, & isobutanol. Ethanol metab was also inhibited by a variety of oximes & amides, such as butyramide, isobutyramide, acetaldoxime, isobutyraldoxime, & butyraldoxime.
Radioactive tracer & electrolytic techniques were used to study the transport of nonelectrolytes & Na+, respectively, across toad urinary bladders in the presence & absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The permeability of lipophilic mol was roughly proportional to bulk phase oil/water partition coefficients both in the presence & absence of hormone; i.e., ADH elicited a general nonselective incr in the permeation of butyramide & 8 other solutes tested.
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/
Lung endothelial permeabilities were determined by injecting butyramide & other test substances into the jugular vein of anesthetized dogs, followed by analysis of sequential blood samples from the carotid artery. The mathematically derived permeability surface product for butyramide was 42.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Production of l-tryptophan by enantioselective hydrolysis of d,l-tryptophanamide using a newly isolated bacterium
摘要:
摘要
近期从土壤样本中分离出一种能产生酰胺酶的细菌菌株ZJB-09211。该菌株能够不对称水解d,l-色氨酸酰胺中的l-色氨酸酰胺,以高产率和优异的立体选择性(对映体过量>99.9%,对映体比例>200)生产l-色氨酸。根据细胞形态分析、生理测试和16S rDNA序列分析,菌株ZJB-09211被鉴定为水生黄杆菌。发酵培养基的优化使得菌株ZJB-09211的酰胺酶活性提高了约六倍,达到501.5 U L−1。底物特异性和立体选择性研究显示,水生黄杆菌的酰胺酶具有广泛的底物谱和高度的对映选择性。
Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Amides to Amines
作者:Jacorien Coetzee、Deborah L. Dodds、Jürgen Klankermayer、Sandra Brosinski、Walter Leitner、Alexandra M. Z. Slawin、David J. Cole-Hamilton
DOI:10.1002/chem.201204270
日期:2013.8.12
Hydrogenation of amides in the presence of [Ru(acac)3] (acacH=2,4‐pentanedione), triphos [1,1,1‐tris‐ (diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane] and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) produces secondary and tertiary amines with selectivities as high as 93 % provided that there is at least one aromatic ring on N. The system is also active for the synthesis of primary amines. In an attempt to probe the role of MSA and
在[Ru(acac)3 ](acacH = 2,4-戊二酮),三[[1,1,1-三(二苯基膦甲基)乙烷]]和甲磺酸(MSA)的存在下进行酰胺加氢生成仲胺和叔胺如果在N上至少有一个芳环,则其选择性高达93%。该系统对伯胺的合成也具有活性。为了探索MSA的作用和反应机理,已经从[Ru(acac)3 ],三醇和MSA或[RuX(OAc)(triphos)]的反应中制备了一系列甲磺酸钠络合物。 (X = H或OAc)或[RuH 2(CO)(triphos )]与MSA。晶体学表征复合物包括:[茹(OAC-κ 1 O)2(H 2O)(triphos)],[Ru(OAc‐κ 2 O,O')(CH 3 SO 3 ‐κ 1 O)(triphos )],[Ru(CH 3 SO 3‐ κ 1 O)2(H 2 O)(三膦)]和[孺2(μ-CH 3 SO 3)3(三磷酸)2 ] [CH 3 SO 3 ],而其他复合物,例如[茹(OAC-κ
A general and practical oxidation of alcohols to primary amides under metal-free conditions
A general procedure for oxidation of both benzyl alcohols and alkyl alcohols to primary amides under catalyst free conditions has been developed. 34 examples of primary amides were produced from their corresponding alcohols in moderate to excellent yields. This is a practical procedure for primary amides synthesis; water and tert-butanol are the only by-products. A commercial drug, Piracetam, was prepared
Transition metal-free catalytic reduction of primary amides using an abnormal NHC based potassium complex: integrating nucleophilicity with Lewis acidic activation
作者:Mrinal Bhunia、Sumeet Ranjan Sahoo、Arpan Das、Jasimuddin Ahmed、Sreejyothi P.、Swadhin K. Mandal
DOI:10.1039/c9sc05953a
日期:——
potassium complex was used as a transitionmetal-free catalyst for reduction of primary amides to corresponding primary amines under ambient conditions. Only 2 mol% loading of the catalyst exhibits a broad substrate scope including aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic primary amides with excellent functional group tolerance. This method was applicable for reduction of chiral amides and utilized for the synthesis
Primary amides to amines or nitriles: a dual role by a single catalyst
作者:Hari S. Das、Shyamal Das、Kartick Dey、Bhagat Singh、Rahul K. Haridasan、Arpan Das、Jasimuddin Ahmed、Swadhin K. Mandal
DOI:10.1039/c9cc05856g
日期:——
of various primary amides to amines (25 examples). On simple modification of the reaction conditions such as in the presence of a catalytic amount of secondary amide, the same catalyst can transform the primary amides into intermediate nitrile compounds (16 examples) in excellent yields. This is the first example where such a controlled catalytic transformation of primary amides to amines or nitriles