Yields 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxydibenzanthracene, 3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxydibenzanthracene, 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxydibenzanthracene, and S-(5,6-dihydro-6-hydroxydibenzanthr-5-yl)glutathione in rats. /From table/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在鼠标中产生二苯并蒽-7,14-醌。/来自表格/
Yields dibenzanthracene-7,14-quinone in mice. /From table/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在大鼠中产生二苯并蒽-5,6-氧化物。/来自表格/
Yields dibenzanthracene-5,6-oxide in rats. /From table/
Current theories on mechanisms of metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are consistent with a carcinogenic potential for dibenz[a,h]anthracene. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene has a "bay-region" structure. It is metabolized by mixed-function oxidases to dihydrodiols that are mutagenic in bacteria and tumorigenic in mouse skin painting assays and when injected into newborn mice.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DBA) forms white crystals or a pale yellow solid. It is used as a research chemical. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: DBA is a probable human carcinogen. Neuroblastoma risk in a child was increased with higher maternal exposure to DBA. ANIMAL STUDIES: Addition of DBA to food for a total dose of 9-19 mg over a period of 5-7 months in mice led to the appearance of tumors of the forestomach in 7/22 survivors after 1 year; 1 of these tumors was a carcinoma. In a later experiment, 20 back-cross mice receiving 0.4 mg DBA per day orally developed 2 squamous cell carcinomas and 11 papillomas of the forestomach within 406 days. In a similar experiment tumors were produced in the lung, heart, and intestine. Squamous carcinomas of forestomach were induced if emulsion was stabilized against the breaking effect of gastric juices. No tumors were seen among 10 Syrian golden hamsters receiving 20 applications of 0.2% solutions DBA over a period of 10 weeks, 5 of which were alive at 50 weeks. DBA was positive in differential survival assays using DNA-repair-proficient/-deficient strains of bacteria and was mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium with metabolic activation. In cultured mammalian cells DBA was mutagenic and induced unscheduled DNA synthesis with metabolic activation. It was positive in assays for morphological transformation. In the one available study, it induced sister chromatid exchange but not chromosomal aberrations in vivo. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can produce an immunosuppressive effect. This was first observed in administration of high doses of 3-methylcholanthrene and DBA to mice. DBA has a "bay-region" structure. It is metabolized by mixed-function oxidases to dihydrodiols that are mutagenic in bacteria and tumorigenic in mouse skin painting assays and when injected into newborn mice. The influence of near-ultraviolet light (UVA) on the DBA cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in larvae of the amphibian Pleurodeles waltl was evaluated and DBA was not found to be clastogenic. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Of 121 pigeons which received intramuscular injections of 3 mg DBA were observed for 13 months, 14 developed fibrosarcoma at the injection site. No tumors were found among 32 untreated controls. Intramuscular injection of 0.4% DBA in lard induced sarcomas in 15/31 fowl within 45 months. Injection of 0.3-0.5 mg DBA in olive oil into the kidney of frogs (Rana pipiens) produced renal adenocarcinomas in 26% of survivors compared with 3% of controls.
The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The main carcinogenic metabolite of benzo(a)pyrene is the diol-epoxide trans-9,10-epoxy-7,8-dihydrodiol. (L10, L23, A27, A32)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
没有关于人类的数据可用。动物中有足够的致癌性证据。总体评估:2A组:该物质很可能对人类具有致癌性。
No data are available in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2A: The agent is probably carcinogenic to humans.
CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on no human data and sufficient data from animal bioassays. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene produced carcinomas in mice following oral or dermal exposure and injection site tumors in several species following subcutaneous or intramuscular administration. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene has induced DNA damage and gene mutations in bacteria as well as gene mutations and transformation in several types of mammalian cell cultures. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. /Based on former classification system/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
二苯并(a,h)蒽:合理预期为人类致癌物。/多环芳烃/
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. /Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/
Upon topical application /1 uM/mouse/ to mouse skin, dibenz(a,h)anthracene became bound to DNA in skin at treated area to the extent of 15 pmol/mg DNA. This cmpd showed a max level of binding 72 hr after treatment, compared with 19-24 hr for other polycyclic hydrocarbons similarly tested.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在提交的摘要研究中,有人建议DB(a,h)A或其代谢物穿过胎盘。
In study reported as abstract, it was suggested that DB(a,h)A or its metabolites cross the placenta.
Dietary absorption efficiencies and elimination rates of acenaphthylene, 1-phenyl naphthalene, 2-methyl anthracene, 9-methyl anthracene, triphenylene, perylene, benzo[b]fluorene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo [ghi]perylene and coronene were examined in rainbow trout. Subadult fish were exposed to 10 mg of each chemical over 5 days and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels were monitored during the following 25 days. The results indicated that PAHs were not accumulated by trout through dietary exposure because of the combined effects of poor absorption efficiencies and rapid elimination rates. ...
BF<sub>3</sub>·2CF<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (BF<sub>3</sub>·2TFE), an Efficient Superacidic Catalyst for Some Organic Synthetic Transformations
作者:G. K. Surya Prakash、Thomas Mathew、Eric R. Marinez、Pierre M. Esteves、Golam Rasul、George A. Olah
DOI:10.1021/jo0604181
日期:2006.5.1
acid strength to at least that of 100% anhydrous sulfuric acid for various acid-catalyzed organic transformations such as isomerizations, rearrangements, ionic hydrogenation of various ketones, and aromatics with triethylsilane and nitration of aromatics with metal nitrate. Studies of the pivalaldehyde−methyl isopropyl ketone rearrangement and the benzopinacol to phenanthrene transformation suggest
Dibenzoanthradiquinone Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Nitrogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
作者:Jose I. Martínez、Juan P. Mora-Fuentes、Marco Carini、Akinori Saeki、Manuel Melle-Franco、Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01536
日期:2020.6.19
A straightforward method for the synthesis of two dibenzo[a,h]anthracene-5,6,12,13-diquinone building blocks is reported. To showcase their usefulness, a series of dibenzo[a,h]anthracene nitrogenated derivatives have been synthesized that show different optoelectronic, redox, and charge transport properties, illustrating their potential as organic semiconductors.
Cycloaromatization of α-oxoketene dithioacetals and β-oxodithioacetals with benzyl-,1-(naphthylmethyl) and 2-(naphthylmethyl)magnesium halides: Synthesis of condensed polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
作者:Ch.Srinivasa Rao、Maliakel P Balu、Hiriyakkanavar Ila、Hiriyakkanavar Junjappa
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86411-5
日期:1991.1
An efficient route for the synthesis of substituted naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons has been developed. The methodology involves 1,2- (or sequential 1,4- and 1,2-) addition of either benzyl, 1-(naphthylmethyl) or 2-(naphthylmethyl) magnesium halides to α-oxoketenedithioacetals or β-oxodithioacetals followed by borontrifluoride etherate catalyzed cycloaromatization
Oxidative, Iodoarene‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkene Arylation for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
作者:Zhensheng Zhao、Liam H. Britt、Graham K. Murphy
DOI:10.1002/chem.201804786
日期:2018.11.16
metal‐free and chemoselective oxidative intramolecular coupling of arene and alkene C−H bonds is reported. The active hypervalent iodine (HVI) reagent, generated catalytically in situ from iodotoluene and meta‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m‐CPBA), reacts with o‐vinylbiphenyls to generate polyaromatic hydrocarbons in up to 95 % yield. Experimental evidence suggests the reactions proceed though vinyliodonium