Synthesis of hexahydroquinoline (HHQ) derivatives using ZrOCl<sub>2</sub>·8H<sub>2</sub>O as a potential green catalyst and optimization of reaction conditions using design of experiment (DOE)
In this investigation, hexahydroquinoline (HHQ) derivatives were synthesizedviaa one-pot reaction using dimedone, β-ketoester, ammonium acetate, and different aryl aldehydes.
Dihydropyridine derivatives 1-31 were synthesized via one-pot solvent free condition and screened for in vitro against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme. The synthetic derivatives 1-31 showed good alpha-amylase inhibition in the range of IC50 = 2.21 +/- 0.06-9.97 +/- 0.08 mu M, as compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 2.01 +/- 0.1 mu M) and alpha-glucosidase inhibition in the range of IC50 = 2.31 +/- 0.09-9.9 +/- 0.1 mu M as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 2.07 +/- 0.1 mu M), respectively. To determine the mode of binding interactions of synthetic molecules with active sites of enzyme, molecular docking studies were also performed. Different spectroscopic techniques such as H-1, C-13 NMR, EI-MS, and HREI-MS were used to characterize all the synthetic compounds.