A Male-produced Aggregation Pheromone Blend Consisting of Alkanediols, Terpenoids, and an Aromatic Alcohol from the Cerambycid Beetle Megacyllene caryae
作者:Emerson S. Lacey、Jardel A. Moreira、Jocelyn G. Millar、Lawrence M. Hanks
DOI:10.1007/s10886-008-9425-3
日期:2008.3
Bioassays conducted with a Y-tube olfactometer provided evidence that both sexes of the cerambycid beetle Megacyllene caryae (Gahan) were attracted to odor produced by males. Odor collected from male M. caryae contained eight male-specific compounds: a 10:1 blend of (2S,3R)- and (2R,3S)-2,3-hexanediols (representing 3.2 ± 1.3% of the total male-specific compounds), (S)-(−)-limonene (3.1 ± 1.7%), 2-phenylethanol (8.0 ± 2.4%), (−)-α-terpineol (10.0 ± 2.8%), nerol (2.1 ± 1.5%), neral (63.3 ± 7.3%), and geranial (8.8 ± 2.4%). Initial field bioassays determined that none of these compounds was attractive as a single component. Further field trials that used a subtractive bioassay strategy determined that both sexes were attracted to the complete blend of synthetic components, but the elimination of any one component resulted in a decline in trap captures. Blends that were missing (2S,3R)-2,3-hexanediol, (2R,3S)-2,3-hexanediol, or citral (a 1:1 mixture of neral and geranial) attracted no more beetles than did controls. A pheromone blend of this complexity, composed of alkanediols, terpenoids, and aromatic alcohols, is unprecedented for cerambycid species.
使用Y管嗅觉计进行的生物测定提供了证据,表明杈甲虫Megacyllene caryae(Gahan)的雌雄个体均会被雄性产生的气味吸引。从雄性M. caryae收集的气味中发现了八种雄性特异性化合物:由(2S,3R)-和(2R,3S)-2,3-己二醇以10:1的比例混合(占总雄性特异性化合物的3.2 ± 1.3%)、(S)-(−)-柠檬烯(3.1 ± 1.7%)、2-苯乙醇(8.0 ± 2.4%)、(−)-α-松油醇(10.0 ± 2.8%)、宁罗尔(2.1 ± 1.5%)、尼拉尔(63.3 ± 7.3%)、和香茅醛(8.8 ± 2.4%)。最初的野外生物测定结果确定这些化合物在单一成分下并不具吸引力。进一步的野外试验采用减法生物测定策略,确定雌雄个体对合成成分的完整混合物存在吸引性,但移除任一成分都会导致捕捉数量下降。缺少(2S,3R)-2,3-己二醇、(2R,3S)-2,3-己二醇或香叶醛(宁罗尔和香茅醛的1:1混合物)的混合物吸引到的甲虫数量不比对照组多。如此复杂的信息素混合物,由烷二醇、萜类和芳香醇组成,在杈甲虫物种中是前所未有的。