The (R)- and (S)-N-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) derivatives of purine and pyrimidine bases (PMP derivatives) exhibit very high activity against retroviruses. This paper describes the synthesis of enantiomeric 9-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenines (I and XXVII), 9-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurines (II and XXXI), 9-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)guanines (III and XXIX) and 1-(R)-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)cytosine (XIX) by alkylation of N-protected N-(2-hydroxypropyl) derivatives of the corresponding bases with bis(2-propyl) p-toluenesulfonyloxymethylphosphonate (X), followed by stepwise N- and O-deprotection of the intermediates. The key intermediates, N-(2-hydroxypropyl) derivatives IX and XXV, were obtained by alkylation of the appropriate heterocyclic base with (R)- or (S)-2-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)propyl p-toluenesulfonate (VII or XXIII) and acid hydrolysis of the resulting N-[2-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)propyl] derivatives VIII and XXII. The chiral synthons were prepared by tosylation of (R)- or (S)-2-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)propanol (VI or XXI) available by reduction of enantiomeric alkyl 2-O-tetrahydropyranyllactates V and XXI with sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride. This approach was used for the synthesis of cytosine, adenine and 2,6-diaminopurine derivatives, while compounds derived from guanine were prepared by hydrolysis of 2-amino-6-chloropurine intermediates. Cytosine derivative IXe was also synthesized by alkylation of 4-methoxy-2-pyrimidone followed by ammonolysis of the intermediate IXf.
(
R)和(
S)-
N-(2-
磷酸甲氧基丙基)
嘌呤和
嘧啶碱(
PMP衍
生物)对逆转录病毒表现出非常高的活性。本文描述了对映异构体9-(2-
磷酸甲氧基丙基)
腺嘌呤(
I和
XXVII)、9-(2-
磷酸甲氧基丙基)-
2,6-二氨基嘌呤(
II和
XXXI)、9-(2-
磷酸甲氧基丙基)
鸟嘌呤(
III和
XXIX)和1-(
R)-(2-
磷酸甲氧基丙基)
胞嘧啶(
XIX)的合成,方法是用双(2-丙基)
p-
甲苯磺酰氧
甲基膦酸酯(
X)烷基化对应碱的
N保护
N-(2-羟基丙基)衍
生物,然后逐步去保护中间体的
N和
O。关键中间体,
N-(2-羟基丙基)衍
生物IX和
XXV,是通过将适当的杂环碱与(
R)-或(
S)-2-(2-
四氢吡喃氧基)丙基
p-
甲苯磺酸酯(
VII或
XXIII)烷基化,并酸
水解得到的
N-[2-(2-
四氢吡喃氧基)丙基]衍
生物VIII和
XXII。手性合成物是通过对(
R)-或(
S)-2-(2-
四氢吡喃氧基)
丙醇(
VI或
XXI)进行对烯基化制备的,这些化合物可通过还原对映异构烷基2-
O-
四氢吡喃基
乳酸酯
V和
XXI与
双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝氢化
钠反应得到。这种方法用于合成
胞嘧啶、
腺嘌呤和
2,6-二氨基嘌呤衍
生物,而从
鸟嘌呤衍
生物制备的化合物则是通过
2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤中间体的
水解制备的。
胞嘧啶衍
生物IXe也是通过对4-甲氧基-2-
嘧啶酮的烷基化后接着中间体
IXf的
氨解合成的。