Bisacodyl is deacetylated to the active bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane (BHPM) by an intestinal deacetylase. A small amount of BHPM is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and is glucuronidated before elimination.
来源:DrugBank
代谢
口服或直肠给药后，双醋洛尔被肠和细菌酶转化为活性代谢物脱乙酰基双(对-羟基苯基)吡啶-2-甲烷。
Following oral or rectal administration bisacodyl is converted to the active desacetyl metabolite bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyridyl-2-methane by intestinal and bacterial enzymes.
HPLC method which permits simultaneous detection of bisacodyl (BIS) & its monodesacetylated (mono) as well as totally desacetylated (DES) form, was used to study the intestinal handling of BIS (20 nmol/mL), when incubated for 60 min at the mucosal side of the preparations specified. In jejunal mucosa fluid, BIS disappeared completely in short time, & there was nearly equivalent rise in DES; mono was transitorily present. Hydrolysis was also rapid in mucosal fluid which had been in contact with jejunal sacs for 30 sec, but BIS was stable in blank incubations. Hydrolysis of BIS was slower by colonic than by jejunal sacs, & all 3 forms were present during incubation. It seemed still lower in mucosal fluid which had been in contact with colonic sac for 5 min. BIS & DES accumulate in jejunal & colonic serosal fluid mainly as conjugates (above 95%), & DES was in all cases the only conjugated metabolite present. Accumulation in jejunal serosal fluid was same whether BIS or DES was added.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
肝毒性
Bisacodyl has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with instances of clinically apparent liver injury.
比沙可啶在治疗期间未与血清酶升高有关，也未出现临床上明显的肝损伤病例。
Bisacodyl has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with instances of clinically apparent liver injury.
参考文献：M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物标签用于研究药物诱导的肝损伤，《药物发现今日》，16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank：按人类发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。《药物发现今日》2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
Oral formulations of bisacodyl are only 16% bioavailable. A 10 mg enteric coated oral tablet reaches a Cmax of 26 ng/mL with a Tmax of 8 hours, while a 10 mg oral solution reaches a Cmax of 237 ng/mL with a Tmax of 1.7 hours. A 10 mg suppository reaches a Cmax of 0-64 ng/mL. In lactating women, 10mg of oral bisacodyl reaches a Cmax of 20.5-195 ng/mL, with a Tmax of 3-4 hours, and a geometric mean AUC after a single dose of 471 h\*ng/mL. After multiple doses, the geometric mean AUC decreases to 311 h\*ng/mL.
Data regarding the volume of distribution of bisacodyl is not readily available. However, the volume of distribution of the active metabolite, BHPM, in lactating women is 181 L after a single dose and 289 L at steady state.
Data regarding the clearance of bisacodyl is not readily available. The apparent plasma clearance of the active metabolite, BHPM, in lactating women after a single 10 mg oral dose is 272 mL/min and after multiple doses is 412 mL/min.
Absorption of bisacodyl ... is minimal following oral or rectal administration. Any bisacodyl that is absorbed is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine and/or distributed in milk.
SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking Product identifiers Product name : Bisacodyl REACH No. : A registration number is not available for this substance as the substance or its uses are exempted from registration, the annual tonnage does not require a registration or the registration is envisaged for a later registration deadline. CAS-No. : 603-50-9 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances SECTION 2: Hazards identification Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Eye irritation (Category 2), H319 Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3), H335 For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16. Classification according to EU Directives 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC Xi Irritant R36/37/38 For the full text of the R-phrases mentioned in this Section, see Section 16. Label elements Labelling according Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Pictogram Signal word Warning Hazard statement(s) H315 Causes skin irritation. H319 Causes serious eye irritation. H335 May cause respiratory irritation. Precautionary statement(s) P261 Avoid breathing dust/ fume/ gas/ mist/ vapours/ spray. P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Supplemental Hazard none Statements Safety data sheet available on request. Other hazards - none SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients Substances Formula : C22H19NO4 C22H19NO4 Molecular Weight : 361,39 g/mol CAS-No. : 603-50-9 EC-No. : 210-044-4 Hazardous ingredients according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Component Classification Concentration Bisacodyl CAS-No. 603-50-9 Skin Irrit. 2; Eye Irrit. 2; STOT <= 100 % EC-No. 210-044-4 SE 3; H315, H319, H335 Hazardous ingredients according to Directive 1999/45/EC Component Classification Concentration Bisacodyl CAS-No. 603-50-9 Xi, R36/37/38 <= 100 % EC-No. 210-044-4 For the full text of the H-Statements and R-Phrases mentioned in this Section, see Section 16 SECTION 4: First aid measures Description of first aid measures General advice Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance. If inhaled If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Consult a physician. In case of skin contact Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician. In case of eye contact Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician. If swallowed Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section 2.2) and/or in section 11 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed no data available SECTION 5: Firefighting measures Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx) Advice for firefighters Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. Further information no data available SECTION 6: Accidental release measures Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. For personal protection see section 8. Environmental precautions Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Reference to other sections For disposal see section 13. SECTION 7: Handling and storage Precautions for safe handling Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.Normal measures for preventive fire protection. For precautions see section 2.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C Specific end use(s) A part from the uses mentioned in section 1.2 no other specific uses are stipulated SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection Control parameters Components with workplace control parameters Exposure controls Appropriate engineering controls Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday. Personal protective equipment Eye/face protection Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). Skin protection Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it. Body Protection impervious clothing, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. Respiratory protection For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator.For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Control of environmental exposure Do not let product enter drains. SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties Information on basic physical and chemical properties a) Appearance Form: solid b) Odour no data available c) Odour Threshold no data available d) pH no data available e) Melting point/freezing no data available point f) Initial boiling point and no data available boiling range g) Flash point no data available h) Evapouration rate no data available i) Flammability (solid, gas) no data available j) Upper/lower no data available flammability or explosive limits k) Vapour pressure no data available l) Vapour density no data available m) Relative density no data available n) Water solubility no data available o) Partition coefficient: n- no data available octanol/water p) Auto-ignition no data available temperature q) Decomposition no data available temperature r) Viscosity no data available s) Explosive properties no data available t) Oxidizing properties no data available Other safety information no data available SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity Reactivity no data available Chemical stability Stable under recommended storage conditions. Possibility of hazardous reactions no data available Conditions to avoid no data available Incompatible materials no data available Hazardous decomposition products Other decomposition products - no data available In the event of fire: see section 5 SECTION 11: Toxicological information Information on toxicological effects Acute toxicity LD50 Oral - rat - 4.320 mg/kg Remarks: Behavioral:Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex). Gastrointestinal:Other changes. Blood:Changes in spleen. Skin corrosion/irritation no data available Serious eye damage/eye irritation no data available Respiratory or skin sensitisation no data available Germ cell mutagenicity no data available Carcinogenicity Carcinogenicity - rat - Oral Tumorigenic:Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria. Kidney, Ureter, Bladder:Tumors. IARC: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC. Reproductive toxicity no data available Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure Inhalation - May cause respiratory irritation. Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure no data available Aspiration hazard no data available Additional Information RTECS: SM8750000 Stomach/intestinal disorders SECTION 12: Ecological information Toxicity no data available Persistence and degradability no data available Bioaccumulative potential no data available Mobility in soil no data available Results of PBT and vPvB assessment PBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/not conducted Other adverse effects no data available SECTION 13: Disposal considerations Waste treatment methods Product Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging Dispose of as unused product. SECTION 14: Transport information UN number ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: - UN proper shipping name ADR/RID: Not dangerous goods IMDG: Not dangerous goods IATA: Not dangerous goods Transport hazard class(es) ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: - Packaging group ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: - Environmental hazards ADR/RID: no IMDG Marine pollutant: no IATA: no Special precautions for user no data available SECTION 15: Regulatory information This safety datasheet complies with the requirements of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006. Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture no data available Chemical Safety Assessment For this product a chemical safety assessment was not carried out SECTION 16: Other information Full text of H-Statements referred to under sections 2 and 3. Eye Irrit. Eye irritation H315 Causes skin irritation. H319 Causes serious eye irritation. H335 May cause respiratory irritation. Skin Irrit. Skin irritation STOT SE Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure Full text of R-phrases referred to under sections 2 and 3 Xi Irritant R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. Further information Copyright 2013 Co. LLC. License granted to make unlimited paper copies for internal use only. The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. Corporation and its Affiliates shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See and/or the reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale.
The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
本发明提供了化合物、其组合物以及使用这些化合物的方法。
[EN] LYMPHATIC SYSTEM-DIRECTING LIPID PRODRUGS<br/>[FR] PROMÉDICAMENTS LIPIDIQUES ORIENTANT VERS LE SYSTÈME LYMPHATIQUE
申请人：ARIYA THERAPEUTICS INC
公开号：WO2019046491A1
公开（公告）日：2019-03-07
The present invention provides lymphatic system-directing lipid prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of producing such prodrugs and compositions, as well as methods of improving the bioavailability or other properties of a therapeutic agent that comprises part of the lipid prodrug. The present invention also provides methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition such as those disclosed herein, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided lipid prodrug or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
[EN] IRAK DEGRADERS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] AGENTS DE DÉGRADATION D'IRAK ET LEURS UTILISATIONS
申请人：KYMERA THERAPEUTICS INC
公开号：WO2020264499A1
公开（公告）日：2020-12-30
The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same. The compounds include an IRAK binding moiety capable of binding to IRAK4 and a degradation inducing moiety (DIM). The DIM could be DTM a ligase binding moiety (LBM) or lysine mimetic. The compounds could be useful as IRAK protein kinase inhibitors and applied to IRAK mediated disorders.
using the commercially available and air‐stable iridium precatalyst [Ir(COD)(OMe)]2 is described. A large scope of pharmaceutically relevant substructures can be labelled using this method including pyridine, pyrazine, indole, carbazole, aniline, oxa‐/thia‐zoles, thiophene, but also electron‐rich phenyl groups. The high functional group tolerance of the reaction is highlighted by the labelling of a wide
A General Strategy for Site-Selective Incorporation of Deuterium and Tritium into Pyridines, Diazines, and Pharmaceuticals
作者：J. Luke Koniarczyk、David Hesk、Alix Overgard、Ian W. Davies、Andrew McNally
DOI：10.1021/jacs.7b11710
日期：2018.2.14
molecules are valuable for medicinal chemistry. The prevalence of pyridines and diazines in pharmaceuticals means that new ways to label these heterocycles will present opportunities in drug design and facilitate absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies. A broadly applicable protocol is presented wherein pyridines, diazines, and pharmaceuticals are converted into heterocyclic phosphonium
