申请人:——
公开号:US20030065187A1
公开(公告)日:2003-04-03
The present invention relates to copper-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming methods. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of an amide or amine moiety and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In additional embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between a nitrogen atom of an acyl hydrazine and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic, e.g., indole, pyrazole, and indazole, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-oxygen bond between the oxygen atom of an alcohol and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. The present invention also relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-carbon bond between a reactant comprising a nucleophilic carbon atom, e.g., an enolate or malonate anion, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. Importantly, all the methods of the present invention are relatively inexpensive to practice due to the low cost of the copper comprised by the catalysts.
本发明涉及
铜催化的
碳-杂原子和
碳-
碳键形成方法。在某些实施例中,本发明涉及
铜催化的方法,用于在
酰胺或胺基团的
氮原子与芳基、杂原基或
乙烯卤代物或
磺酸酯的活化
碳之间形成
碳-
氮键。在其他实施例中,本发明涉及
铜催化的方法,用于在酰基
肼的
氮原子与芳基、杂原基或
乙烯卤代物或
磺酸酯的活化
碳之间形成
碳-
氮键。在另一些实施例中,本发明涉及
铜催化的方法,用于在含
氮杂环芳烃(例如
吲哚、
吡唑和吲哌)的
氮原子与芳基、杂原基或
乙烯卤代物或
磺酸酯的活化
碳之间形成
碳-
氮键。在某些实施例中,本发明涉及
铜催化的方法,用于在醇的
氧原子与芳基、杂原基或
乙烯卤代物或
磺酸酯的活化
碳之间形成
碳-
氧键。本发明还涉及
铜催化的方法,用于在包含亲核
碳原子的反应物(例如
烯醇酸盐或
丙二酸盐负离子)与芳基、杂原基或
乙烯卤代物或
磺酸酯的活化
碳之间形成
碳-
碳键。重要的是,由于
催化剂中
铜的低成本,本发明的所有方法都相对廉价。