Uncovering the Importance of Proton Donors in TmI
<sub>2</sub>
‐Promoted Electron Transfer: Facile CN Bond Cleavage in Unactivated Amides
作者:Michal Szostak、Malcolm Spain、David J. Procter
DOI:10.1002/anie.201303178
日期:2013.7.8
for the development of challenging electron‐transfer processes. It was demonstrated that alcohols are critical for the formation of a thermodynamically more powerful reductant from TmI2 (thulium diiodide), the first nonclassical lanthanide(II) iodide in the series (TmI2, DyI2, NdI2). The TmI2(ROH)n reagent promotes an unprecedented cleavage of the σ CNbond in amides.
非经典镧系 (II) 碘化物是用于开发具有挑战性的电子转移过程的现代试剂。事实证明,醇对于从 TmI 2(二碘化铥)(该系列中的第一种非经典镧系元素 (II) 碘化物(TmI 2、 DyI 2、 NdI 2 ))形成热力学更强大的还原剂至关重要。TmI 2 (ROH) n试剂促进酰胺中 σ C N 键前所未有的断裂。
Reduction and Reductive Deuteration of Tertiary Amides Mediated by Sodium Dispersions with Distinct Proton Donor-Dependent Chemoselectivity
作者:Bin Zhang、Hengzhao Li、Yuxuan Ding、Yuhao Yan、Jie An
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.8b00617
日期:2018.6.1
practical and scalable single electron transfer reduction mediated by sodium dispersions has been developed for the reduction and reductive deuteration of tertiary amides. The chemoselectivity of this method highly depends on the nature of the proton donor. The challenging reduction via C–N bond cleavage has been achieved using Na/EtOH, affording alcohol products, while the use of Na/NaOH/H2O leads to the
已经开发了由钠分散体介导的实用且可扩展的单电子转移还原,用于还原和还原叔酰胺。该方法的化学选择性高度取决于质子供体的性质。通过使用Na / EtOH(可提供醇类产物)实现C-N键断裂的富挑战性还原,而使用Na / NaOH / H 2 O则可通过选择性的C-O裂解形成胺。具有高比表面积的钠分散体对于获得高收率和良好的化学选择性至关重要。这种新方法可以耐受多种叔酰胺。此外,Na / EtOD- d 1和Na / NaOH / D 2介导的相应还原氘O提供有用的具有优异氘含量的α,α-二氘代醇和α,α-二氘代胺。
Selective C-N σ Bond Cleavage in Azetidinyl Amides under Transition Metal-Free Conditions
作者:Hengzhao Li、Zemin Lai、Adila Adijiang、Hongye Zhao、Jie An
DOI:10.3390/molecules24030459
日期:——
electride derived from sodium dispersions and 15-crown-5. Of note, less strained cyclic amides and acyclic amides are stable under the reaction conditions, which features the excellent chemoselectivity of the reaction. This method is amenable to a range of unhindered and sterically encumbered azetidinyl amides.
Highly Chemoselective Reduction of Amides (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) to Alcohols using SmI<sub>2</sub>/Amine/H<sub>2</sub>O under Mild Conditions
作者:Michal Szostak、Malcolm Spain、Andrew J. Eberhart、David J. Procter
DOI:10.1021/ja412578t
日期:2014.2.12
Highly chemoselective direct reduction of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides to alcohols using SmI2/amine/H2O is reported. The reaction proceeds with C–N bond cleavage in the carbinolamine intermediate, shows excellent functional group tolerance, and delivers the alcohol products in very high yields. The expected C–O cleavage products are not formed under the reaction conditions. The observed