Enantioselectivity in the Biotransformation of Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes with the Cultured Cells of<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>
作者:Takayuki Suga、Hiroki Hamada、Toshifumi Hirata
DOI:10.1246/cl.1987.471
日期:1987.3.5
The biotransformation of the enantiomeric pairs of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives with the cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum was investigated. The hydrogenation of the C–C double bond of verbenone took place enantioselectively in preference of the (1S,5S)-enantiomer and the hydrogen attack occurred stereospecifically from the re-face at its C-2. The oxidation of the hydroxyl group of neoisopinocampheol
Schmidt, Chemische Berichte, 1947, vol. 80, p. 533,537
作者:Schmidt
DOI:——
日期:——
Calcium Intake and Bone Mass Development Among Israeli Adolescent Girls
作者:Geila S. Rozen、Gad Rennert、Hedy S. Rennert、Gissel Diab、Dib Daud、Sofia Ish-Shalom
DOI:10.1080/07315724.2001.10719035
日期:2001.6
Objective: To determine the possible relationship between food and life style habits and bone health in adolescent Israeli females.Methods: 2,000 adolescent Israeli Jewish and Arab high-school girls (mean age 14.5) completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a personal history questionnaire. 27 food components were calculated fur each subject. Bone mineral content and density were determined for 112 subjects with calcium intake below 800 mg/day.Results: Average calcium intake was found to be 1,260 mg/day, but 20% of all girls had a calcium intake below 800 mg/day. All low-energy diets were very low in calcium, as mean calcium intake per 1,000 calories was 411 +/- 128 grams. A large percentage of diets with less than 800 mg calcium were also deficient in phosphorus (95.2%), magnesium (84.8%), iron (90.5%) and zinc (100%). Due to differences in food sources, Jewish girls had more phosphorus in their diet, but less magnesium and iron compared to Arab girls. Calcium and zinc deficiencies in Jewish and Arab diets were similar. A negative correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and age at menarche for all girls in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) measured for girls with calcium intake below 800 mg/day distributed normally around the average when compared to age matched controls despite their low calcium intake. There was a strong positive correlation between BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) at all sites and body weights.Conclusions: Low calcium intake, other nutritional deficiencies and delayed menarche due to low-energy diet in the growing period and in adolescence may prevent the formation of healthy bones. There is no evidence of lower bone mass among the low calcium intake group in the study population at this stage. It remains to be documented if the window of opportunity for optimal bone accretion for this group will be missed in the future, possibly lending to increased risk of osteoporosis.
New chiral 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine ligands from the chiral pool: synthesis, crystal structure of a rhodium complex and uses in copper- and rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrene
作者:Hoi-Lun Kwong、Wing-Leung Wong、Wing-Sze Lee、Leung-Shi Cheng、Wing-Tak Wong
DOI:10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00431-1
日期:2001.10
A number of chiral G-symmetric 2,2':6'.2 " terpyridines L-1-L-4 were synthesized in moderate to good yields from commercially available chiral materials. Copper(II) and rhodium(Ill) chloride complexes of these ligands were prepared in good yields. The Rh(L-2)Cl-3 complex was isolated as a yellow crystalline solid and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Both Cu(L)(OTf)(2) and Rh(L)(OTf)(3) were found to be active catalysts in the cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate. Enantioselectivity up to 82% e.e. was observed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.