Solvent-free condensation between malonic acid and aromatic aldehydes is studied in the presence of bentonite. Various diacids are prepared in good to moderate yields and in very short reaction times under microwave irradiation.
A phenylalanine-urea compound-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation in water is reported. Various aldehydes and active methylene compounds undergo condensation at room temperature to give the desired products in high yields. The mechanism of the condensation of aldehydes with Meldrum's acid catalyzed by the novel urea derivative is also disclosed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Knoevenagel Condensation Catalyzed by USY Zeolite
作者:Q. L. Wang、YuDao Ma、BoJun Zuo
DOI:10.1080/00397919708005458
日期:1997.12
The Knoevenagel condensation of substituted benzaldehydes with active methylene compounds was performed very efficiently by using a USY (ultrastable Y) zeolite as heterogeneous catalyst.
Effect of Microwave Irradiation on Reaction of Arylaldehyde Derivatives with Some Active Methylene Compounds in Aqueous Media
The effect of microwave irradiation on the condensation reactions of arylaldehydes 1 and active methylene compounds 2 in aqueous media was studied and compared with "classical" conditions. The results show that the condensation was carried out only under microwave irradiation in the presence of ammonium chloride as a catalyst, followed by dehydration, to afford (E)-olefins 3. The protocol was used to synthesize coumarins by a condensation reaction of salicylaldehyde or its derivatives with various derivatives of ethylacetate 5 (e.g., (RCH2CO2Et)-C-3; R-3: CO2Et, CO2Me, COMe, CN) in high yields. These investigations will contribute to the development of environmentally friendly and inexpensive processes in organic synthesis.
Pandya; Pandya, Proceedings - Indian Academy of Sciences, Section A, 1941, vol. 14, p. 116 - 120