Development of specific inhibitors for heparin-binding proteins based on the cobra cardiotoxin structure: an effective synthetic strategy for rationally modified heparin-like disaccharides and a trisaccharide
作者:Weijun Ke、Dennis M. Whitfield、Jean-Robert Brisson、Gary Enright、Harold C. Jarrell、Wen-guey Wu
DOI:10.1016/j.carres.2004.11.029
日期:2005.2
Recently, a new heparin disaccharide-binding site on the convex side of cobra cardiotoxin (CTX) was identified by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. To further characterize this site two heparin-like disaccharides were synthesized for binding studies with CTX, and a trisaccharide was synthesized for testing the sequence of the disaccharide binding to CTX. Thus six differentially protected monosaccharide building blocks (three L-iduronic acids and three D-glucosamines) were prepared. These include a L-iduronic acid elongation building block namely methyl 2-O-acetyl-4-O-levulinoyl-3-O-pivaloyl-alpha-L-idopyranosyluronate trichloroacetimidate for which a single-crystal X-ray structure was determined to have M-r = 576.79, a = 9.3098(11) Angstrom alpha = 90degrees, b = 10.3967(12) Angstrom beta = 90degrees, c = 28.026(3) Angstrom gamma = 90degrees, V = 2712.7(6) Angstrom(3), P2(1)2(1)2(1), Z = 4, mu = 0.71073 Angstrom, and R = 0.0378 for 7586 observed reflections. It shows that the molecular structure of the donor is in the C-1(4) conformation with significant 1,3-diaxial interactions between O-1 and O-3 as well as O-2 and O-4. The disaccharides and trisaccharide vary in the degree and position of O- and N-sulfation. The pivaloyl group was used as permanent protecting group of hydroxyl. The levulinoyl group was used as the temporary protecting group to protect the hydroxyl for elongation. Crown Copyright (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.