ARTHROBACTER SP AND FLAVOBACTERIUM PEREGRINUM DEGRADED MCPA TO 4-CHLORO-2-METHYLPHENOL. FLAVOBACTERIUM FURTHER OXIDIZED PHENOL TO RELEASE ALL CHLORIDE. ASPERGILLUS NIGER VAN TIEGH ALSO METABOLIZED MCPA TO 4-CHLORO-2-METHYL-5-HYDROXYPHENOXYACETIC ACID.
... GRAM-NEGATIVE SOIL BACTERIUM METABOLIZED MCPA TO 5-CHLORO-O-CRESOL, A COMPOUND BELIEVED TO BE 6-HYDROXY-MCPA & ALPHA-METHYL-GAMMA-CARBOXYMETHYLENE-DELTA ALPHA-BUTENOLIDE.
CDDs are absorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes of exposure. CDDs are carried in the plasma by serum lipids and lipoproteins, distributing mainly to the liver and adipose tissue. CDDs are very slowly metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glucuronic acid and glutathione. They may increase the rate of their own metabolism by inducing CDDs induce both phase I and phase II enzymes. The major routes of excretion of CDDs are the bile and the feces, though smaller amounts are excreted in the urine and via lactation. (L177)
CDDs cause their toxic effects by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and subsequently altering the trascription of certain genes. The affinity for the Ah receptor depends on the structure of the specific CDD. The change in gene expression may result from the direct interaction of the Ah receptor and its heterodimer-forming partner, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, with gene regulatory elements or the initiation of a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cascade that subsequently activates other transcription factors. The affected genes include several oncogenes, growth factors, receptors, hormones, and drug-metabolizing enzymes. The change in transcription/translation of these genes is believed to be the cause of most of the toxic effects of CDDs. This includes 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin's carcinogenicity is thought to be the result of its ability to alter the capacity of both exogenous and endogenous substances to damage the DNA by inducing CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-dependent drug-metabolizing enzymes. (L177)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
癌症分类:不太可能对人类致癌
Cancer Classification: Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans
Exposure to large amounts of CDDs causes chloracne, a severe skin disease with acne-like lesions that occur mainly on the face and upper body. CDDs may also cause liver damage and induce long-term alterations in glucose metabolism and subtle changes in hormonal levels. In addition, studies have shown that CDDs may disrupt the endocrine system and weaken the immune system, as well as cause reproductive damage and birth defects, central and peripheral nervous system pathology, thyroid disorders, endometriosis, and diabetes. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is also a known human carcinogen. (L177, L178)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶、通过皮肤接触以及吞食被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
(14)C MCPA ... INJECTED IV INTO PREGNANT MICE, WHICH WERE THEN STUDIED BY AUTORADIOGRAPHY AT INTERVALS OF 5 MIN TO 72 HR. DISTRIBUTION PATTERN WAS CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH CONCN IN BLOOD UP TO 4 HR & ACCUMULATION IN VISCERAL YOLK SAC EPITHELIUM UP TO 24 HR AFTER INJECTION. RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCE PASSED THE PLACENTA, BUT FETAL TISSUES NEVER REACHED CONCN OF THE MATERNAL TISSUES. RADIOACTIVITY WAS ELIMINATED FROM FETUSES & MOTHERS BY 24 HR AFTER INJECTION.
WHEN ADMINISTERED TO RATS BY STOMACH TUBE, THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS OF (14)C MCPA IN THE TISSUES WAS REACHED IN 2-8 HR & THEN DECLINED RAPIDLY. DURING THE FIRST 24 HOURS 92.3% OF THE DOSE WAS DISCOVERED IN URINE & 6.8% IN THE FECES.
ABOUT 50% OF THE TOTAL DOSE WAS DETECTED IN URINE OF 4 VOLUNTEERS WITHIN 48 HR AFTER EACH INGESTED 5 MG OF MCPA. FIVE DAYS AFTER INGESTION, THE CONCENTRATION IN THE URINE WAS BELOW THE DETECTABLE LEVEL OF 0.02 PPM.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Efficient O-Trimethylsilylation of Alcohols and Phenols with Trimethylsilyl Azide Catalyzed by Tetrabutylammonium Bromide under Neat Conditions
摘要:
A very efficient procedure for the trimethylsilylation of a wide variety of alcohols, including primary, allylic, benzylic, secondary, hindered secondary, tertiary, and phenols is reported. The reactions were carried out under neat conditions with trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) and, when necessary, in the presence of a catalytic amount (20 mol %) of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) at 30 or 70 degreesC. Under catalytic conditions, the yields of the corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers were greater than 91%. This procedure also allows the selective protection of primary and secondary alcohols in the presence of tertiary ones.
Pyrrolobenzodiazepine arylcarboxamides and derivatives thereof as follicle-stimulating hormone receptor antagonists
申请人:Failli A. Amedeo
公开号:US20060199806A1
公开(公告)日:2006-09-07
This invention provides pyrrolobenzodiazepine arylcarboxamides selected from those of Formula (1), which act as follicle stimulating hormone receptor antagonists, as well as pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment
Pyrrolobenzodiazepine pyridine carboxamides and derivatives as follicle-stimulating hormone receptor antagonists
申请人:Failli A. Amedeo
公开号:US20060287522A1
公开(公告)日:2006-12-21
This invention provides pyrrolobenzodiazepine pyridine carboxamides selected from those of Formula (1), which act as follicle stimulating hormone receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment utilizing the compounds of Formulae (1) and (2).
Molecules having pesticidal utility, and intermediates, compositions, and processes, related thereto
申请人:Dow AgroSciences LLC
公开号:US20180279612A1
公开(公告)日:2018-10-04
This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Nematoda, processes to produce such molecules, intermediates used in such processes, pesticidal compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such pesticidal compositions against such pests. These pesticidal compositions may be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, and nematicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”).
Novel camptothecin derivatives. part 1: oxyalkanoic acid esters of camptothecin and their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity
作者:Li-Xi Yang、Xiandao Pan、Hui-Juan Wang
DOI:10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00153-1
日期:2002.5
cells in vitro by the colony formation assay and in vivo. These newly synthesized derivatives show a dramatically higher chemotherapeutic activity in killing human cancer cells than the parent drug, camptothecin, and clinically available drugs, irinotecan and taxol.
(20S) esters of camptothecin analogs are provided. The compounds are (20S) esters of an oxyalkanoic acid and camptothecin, which is optionally substituted at the 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 positions of the camptothecin ring. The compounds are useful for treating cancer.