盐酸阿米洛利二水合物 | 17440-83-4

• 物质功能分类: 生物化工 - 抑制剂 - 跨膜转运体(Transmembrane Transporters)
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 二嗪类
• 中文名称: 盐酸阿米洛利二水合物
• 中文别名: 盐酸阿米洛利；盐酸阿米洛利二水；3,5-二氨基-N-(氨基亚氨甲基)-6-氯哌嗪甲酰胺盐酸盐二水合物
• 英文名称: 3,5-diamino-6-chloro-N-(diaminomethylidene)pyrazine-2-carboxamide;dihydrate;hydrochloride
• 英文别名: 3,5-diamino-N-carbamimidoyl-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxamide;dihydrate;hydrochloride
• CAS: 17440-83-4
• 化学式: C₆H₁₃Cl₂N₇O₃
• mdl: MFCD00211292
• 分子量: 302.12
• InChiKey: LTKVFMLMEYCWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  >240℃
• 溶解度：
  微溶于水和无水乙醇。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.5
• 重原子数：
  18
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  161
• 氢给体数：
  7
• 氢受体数：
  7

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  2933599090
• RTECS号：
  UQ2275500
• 危险类别：
  6.1
• 储存条件：
  -20°C

SDS

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Section 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification
Amiloride HCl Catalog
AM122
Common Name/
Number(s).
Trade Name
CAS# 17440-83-4
Manufacturer
RTECS UQ2278500
SPECTRUM QUALITY PRODUCTS INC.
TSCA TSCA 8(b) inventory: No
products were found.
Commercial Name(s) Not available.
CI# Not available.
Synonym 3,5-Diamino-N-(aminoiminomethyl)-6-chloropyrazinecarboxamide
IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
hydrochloride
Chemical Name Not available.
Not available. CALL [phone]
Chemical Family
Chemical Formula C6H8ClN7O.HCl.2H2O
SPECTRUM QUALITY PRODUCTS INC.

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Section 2.Composition and Information on Ingredients
Exposure Limits
TWA (mg/m3) STEL (mg/m3) CEIL (mg/m3)
Name CAS # % by Weight
1) Amiloride HCl 17440-83-4 100
Toxicological Data Amiloride HCl
on Ingredients LD50: Not available.
LC50: Not available.

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Section 3. Hazards Identification
Potential Acute Health Effects Very hazardous in case of ingestion. Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of
inhalation.
Potential Chronic Health Very hazardous in case of ingestion.
Effects Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation.
CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available.
Amiloride HCl

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Section 4. First Aid Measures
Eye Contact Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
least 15 minutes. Get medical attention.
Skin Contact In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove
contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get
medical attention.
Serious Skin Contact Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek medical
attention.
Inhalation If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get
medical attention.
Serious Inhalation Not available.
Ingestion Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious person. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight
clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.
Serious Ingestion Not available.

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Section 5. Fire and Explosion Data
Flammability of the Product May be combustible at high temperature.
Auto-Ignition Temperature Not available.
Flash Points Not available.
Flammable Limits Not available.
Products of Combustion These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2), nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2...), halogenated compounds.
Fire Hazards in Presence of Not available.
Various Substances
Explosion Hazards in Presence Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available.
of Various Substances Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available.
Fire Fighting Media SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder.
and Instructions LARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use water jet.
Special Remarks on Not available.
Fire Hazards
Special Remarks on Explosion Not available.
Hazards

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Section 6. Accidental Release Measures
Small Spill Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by
spreading water on the contaminated surface and dispose of according to local and regional authority
requirements.
Large Spill Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water
on the contaminated surface and allow to evacuate through the sanitary system.
Amiloride HCl

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Section 7. Handling and Storage
Precautions Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Empty containers pose a fire risk, evaporate the
residue under a fume hood. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not breathe dust. Wear suitable
protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If you feel unwell, seek
medical attention and show the label when possible. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Storage Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area.

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Section 8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Engineering Controls Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below
recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to
airborne contaminants below the exposure limit.
Personal Protection Splash goggles. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent.
Gloves.
Personal Protection in Case of Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used
a Large Spill to avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist
BEFORE handling this product.
Exposure Limits Not available.

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Section 9. Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical state and appearance Solid. Odor Odorless.
Not available.
Taste
Molecular Weight 302.12 g/mole
Yellow.
Color
Not available.
pH (1% soln/water)
Boiling Point Not available.
Melting Point Decomposition temperature: 286°C (546.8°F)
Critical Temperature Not available.
Specific Gravity Not available.
Not applicable.
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Density Not available.
Not available.
Volatility
Odor Threshold Not available.
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff. Not available.
Ionicity (in Water) Not available.
Dispersion Properties Not available.
Solubility Not available.

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Section 10. Stability and Reactivity Data
Stability The product is stable.
Instability Temperature Not available.
Conditions of Instability Not available.
Incompatibility with various Not available.
substances
Corrosivity Non-corrosive in presence of glass.
Amiloride HCl
Special Remarks on Not available.
Reactivity
Special Remarks on Not available.
Corrosivity
Polymerization Will not occur.

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Section 11. Toxicological Information
Routes of Entry Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.
Toxicity to Animals LD50: Not available.
LC50: Not available.
Chronic Effects on Humans Not available.
Other Toxic Effects on Very hazardous in case of ingestion.
Humans Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of inhalation.
Special Remarks on Not available.
Toxicity to Animals
Special Remarks on Not available.
Chronic Effects on Humans
Special Remarks on other Not available.
Toxic Effects on Humans

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Section 12. Ecological Information
Ecotoxicity Not available.
BOD5 and COD Not available.
Products of Biodegradation Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may
arise.
Toxicity of the Products The products of degradation are more toxic.
of Biodegradation
Special Remarks on the Not available.
Products of Biodegradation

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Section 13. Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal

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Section 14. Transport Information
DOT Classification Not a DOT controlled material (United States).
Identification Not applicable.
Special Provisions for Not applicable.
Transport
DOT (Pictograms)
Amiloride HCl

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Section 15. Other Regulatory Information and Pictograms
No products were found.
Federal and State
Regulations
California
Proposition 65
Warnings
Other Regulations Not available.
WHMIS (Canada) Not controlled under WHMIS (Canada).
Other Classifications
DSCL (EEC) R36/38- Irritating to eyes and skin.
Health Hazard
HMIS (U.S.A.) 2 National Fire Protection
1 Flammability
1 Association (U.S.A.)
Fire Hazard
2 0 Reactivity
Health
Reactivity
0
Specific hazard
Personal Protection
E
WHMIS (Canada)
(Pictograms)
DSCL (Europe)
(Pictograms)
TDG (Canada)
(Pictograms)
ADR (Europe)
(Pictograms)
Protective Equipment
Gloves.
Lab coat.
Dust respirator. Be sure to use an
approved/certified respirator or
equivalent.
Splash goggles.

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

概述

盐酸阿米洛利是一种强效保钾利尿药，不依赖于醛固酮的作用机制。它主要作用于肾小管远端，通过阻断钠-钾交换机制促使钠、氯排泄，并减少钾、氢离子的分泌。药物还能抑制肾脏远端小管和集合管中的Na+?K+ 和 Na+?H+ 交换，从而增加Na+和水的排出，同时减少K+和H+的排出。盐酸阿米洛利与Ca2+和Mg2+的排泄也相应减少。当此药与排钾利尿药如噻嗪类或髓襻类利尿药合用时，能够显著减少钾的排泄，并部分减少Ca2+和Mg2+的排泄，而Na+和水的排出则会增强。虽然其促尿钠排泄和抗高血压活性较弱，但与上述利尿药合用时具有协同作用。

作用与用途

盐酸阿米洛利二水合物类似于氨苯蝶啶，直接作用于远曲小管及集合管皮质段上皮细胞，抑制K+ 和Cl-的重吸收，并降低Na+-H+和 Na+-K+交换。这增加了Na+、Cl- 的排泄和尿酸的排泄，使其成为目前作用最强的排钠保钾利尿药之一。该药物通常不单独使用，多与氢氯噻嗪或利尿酸等排钾利尿药合用，以增强利尿效果并减少钾的丢失。盐酸阿米洛利没有降压作用，主要用于治疗其他利尿药无效的肝硬化和充血性心力衰竭引起的水肿。

药代动力学

口服后胃肠道易于吸收，但不完全，生物利用度为15%～30%。通常在服药2小时后开始起效，在3～4小时内达到峰值血药浓度，并能持续24～48小时。药物主要以原形经肾脏排泄，少量则通过胆汁从粪便中排出。其半衰期约为6小时。

生物活性

盐酸阿米洛利是一种有效的上皮细胞钠离子通道抑制剂。

靶点

Target	Value
Sodium channel	-

体外研究

盐酸阿米洛利还能诱导P13K（磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶）、PDK-1（磷酸肌醇依赖性激酶-1）、PTEN（磷酸酶和张力蛋白同系物10号染色体上删除）和PP1阿尔法磷酸激酶的去磷酸化。该药物通过与ATP竞争抑制磷酸激酶和磷酸酶的磷酸化，从而导致很少或没有细胞毒性，并增强TRAIL诱导的细胞凋亡。此外，它还能碱化并联抑制细胞增生，直接抑制EGF受体的自磷酸化。在兔完整近端小管中，在不同浓度外源钠存在下，盐酸阿米洛利能阻断ouabain敏感的耗氧量（QO2）。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  盐酸阿米洛利二水合物 、 一水柠檬酸 、 脒氯嗪 在 水 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 反应 32.0h， 生成 Amiloride citrate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Amiloride citrate

  摘要：

  一种新型的氨苯蝶啶盐，尤其是氨苯蝶啶柠檬酸盐已经被发现。由于其固有的不溶性和较少的苦味，相比氨苯蝶啶盐，更容易制成口服液、缓释剂型和可咀嚼片剂。

  公开号：

  US04190655A1
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  rac-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β,18a-epoxy-18a-methyl-20-oxo-18-homo-14β,17βH-pregna-5,18-dien-21-oic acid 、 碘甲烷 在 甲醇 、 potassium carbonate 、 丙酮 作用下， 生成 盐酸阿米洛利二水合物
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Eine neue Methode zum Aufbau der Pregnan-Seitenkette ausgehend von 16-Oxo-androstanen。ÜberSteroide，152岁。

  摘要：

  在20,21二氧化孕侧链已被引入到18取代d，升-Δ 14通过与草酸二甲酯缩合，得到-16-氧代-雄甾烷衍生物I。通过将21个酯的IIa转化为吗啉Xa，将16-氧代基团以及烯醇乙酸盐XIa中的14、15-双键催化氢化，然后通过碱催化的方式消除16-氧代基团而被选择性消除。乙酸元素的引入，以及引入或不伴随酰胺官能团水解的16、17-双键的引入（分别给出XIIIb和XIIIa）。还报道了将由相应的酸获得的20-氧代-21-酯基团转化为20、21-酮醇侧链的初步实验。所有反应均在中性或碱性条件下进行，因此在整个合成过程中可以保留A环中的缩酮化氧基。

  DOI：

  10.1002/hlca.19580410412

文献信息

• Eine neue Methode zum Aufbau der Pregnan-Seitenkette ausgehend von 16-Oxo-androstanen. Über Steroide, 152. Mitteilung
  作者：K. Heusler、P. Wieland、A. Wettstein

  DOI：10.1002/hlca.19580410412

  日期：——

  The 20,21-dioxygenated pregnane side chain has been introduced into the 18-substituted d,l-Δ14-16-oxo-androstane derivative I by condensation with dimethyl oxalate. The 16-oxo group was selectively eliminated by conversion of the 21-ester IIa into the morpholide Xa, catalytic hydrogenation of the 16-oxo group as well as the 14, 15-double bond in the enolacetate XIa, followed by base catalysed elimination

  在20,21二氧化孕侧链已被引入到18取代d，升-Δ 14通过与草酸二甲酯缩合，得到-16-氧代-雄甾烷衍生物I。通过将21个酯的IIa转化为吗啉Xa，将16-氧代基团以及烯醇乙酸盐XIa中的14、15-双键催化氢化，然后通过碱催化的方式消除16-氧代基团而被选择性消除。乙酸元素的引入，以及引入或不伴随酰胺官能团水解的16、17-双键的引入（分别给出XIIIb和XIIIa）。还报道了将由相应的酸获得的20-氧代-21-酯基团转化为20、21-酮醇侧链的初步实验。所有反应均在中性或碱性条件下进行，因此在整个合成过程中可以保留A环中的缩酮化氧基。
• Amiloride citrate
  申请人：Merck & Co., Inc.

  公开号：US04190655A1

  公开（公告）日：1980-02-26

  A novel salt of amiloride particularly amiloride citrate has been discovered. Because of its inherent insolubility and less bitter taste, it would lend itself to be more easily formulated into oral liquids, sustained release formulations and chewable tablets than would amiloride hydrochloride.

  一种新型的氨苯蝶啶盐，尤其是氨苯蝶啶柠檬酸盐已经被发现。由于其固有的不溶性和较少的苦味，相比氨苯蝶啶盐，更容易制成口服液、缓释剂型和可咀嚼片剂。