脒氯嗪 | 137053-86-2

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 二嗪类
• 中文名称: 脒氯嗪
• 中文别名: 胍酰吡嗪；阿米洛利；脒氯嗪；氨氯吡咪
• 英文名称: Amiloride
• 英文别名: amiloride hydrochloride；AMI；3,5-diamino-N-carbamimidoyl-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxamide
• CAS: 137053-86-2
• 化学式: C₆H₈ClN₇O
• mdl: MFCD00077316
• 分子量: 229.629
• InChiKey: XSDQTOBWRPYKKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.7
• 重原子数：
  15
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  159
• 氢给体数：
  4
• 氢受体数：
  5

ADMET

代谢

氨氯地平不被肝脏代谢，而是由肾脏原样排出。

Amiloride is not metabolized by the liver but is excreted unchanged by the kidneys.

来源:DrugBank

毒理性

• 肝毒性

氨氯地平治疗尚未与血清转氨酶升高有关。氨氯地平引起的特异质、临床上明显的肝损伤是罕见的，但已有一些个案报告，其中氨氯地平与氢氯噻嗪联合使用（案例1）。病例数量太少，无法描述临床特征，但发病潜伏期从2个月到12个月不等，损伤模式为肝细胞型或混合型。免疫过敏特征和自身抗体与氨氯地平引起的肝损伤无关。

Amiloride therapy has not been associated with serum aminotransferase elevations. Idiosyncratic, clinically apparent liver injury from amiloride is rare, but several instances have been reported as isolated case reports in which the combination of amiloride with hydrochlorothiazide was used (Case 1). The numbers of cases have been too few to characterize the clinical features, but the latency to onset was ranged from 2 to 12 months and the pattern of injury either hepatocellular or mixed. Immunoallergic features and autoantibodies have not been associated with the liver injury from amiloride.

来源:LiverTox

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

化合物：氨氯地平

Compound:amiloride

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

DILI 注解：较少的药物性肝损伤关注

DILI Annotation:Less-DILI-Concern

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

严重性等级：3

Severity Grade:3

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

不良反应部分

Label Section:Adverse reactions

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

吸收、分配和排泄

• 吸收

易于口服后吸收。

Readily absorbed following oral administration.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 排除途径

盐酸阿米洛利不会在肝脏代谢，而是通过肾脏以原形排出。大约50%的20毫克盐酸阿米洛利剂量会在72小时内通过尿液排出，40%通过粪便排出。

Amiloride HCl is not metabolized by the liver but is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. About 50 percent of a 20 mg dose of amiloride HCl is excreted in the urine and 40 percent in the stool within 72 hours.

来源:DrugBank

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  脒氯嗪 以 sodium hydroxide 为溶剂， 反应 7.0h， 以57%的产率得到3,5-二氨基-6-氯吡嗪-2-羧酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Abbauprodukte von Amiloridhydrochlorid

  摘要：

  在pH4.6的醋酸盐缓冲液中加热氯化阿米洛利（1•HCl）会产生阿米洛利醋酸盐（1•AcOH），吡嗪二胺6和酰基脲7。在DMF中回流加热1•HCl可以得到Pteridinon 3。

  DOI：

  10.3797/scipharm.aut-04-10
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  3-(3-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-2,6-pyrazinediamine 生成 脒氯嗪
  参考文献：
  名称：

  BOCK M. G.; SMITH R. L.; BLAINE E. H.; CRAGOE E. J., JR., J. MED. CHEM., 29,(1986) N 8, 1540-1544

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• DISUBSTITUTED TRIFLUOROMETHYL PYRIMIDINONES AND THEIR USE
  申请人：BAYER PHARMA AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

  公开号：US20160221965A1

  公开（公告）日：2016-08-04

  The present application relates to novel 2,5-disubstituted 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives, to processes for their preparation, to their use alone or in combinations for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, and to their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular, renal, inflammatory and fibrotic diseases.

  本申请涉及新颖的2,5-二取代6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-4(3H)-酮衍生物，其制备方法，其单独或与其他药物联合用于治疗和/或预防疾病，以及用于制备治疗和/或预防疾病的药物，特别是用于治疗和/或预防心血管、肾脏、炎症和纤维化疾病。
• Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
  申请人：Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated

  公开号：US20150231142A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-08-20

  The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.

  本发明涉及含有上皮钠通道活性抑制剂与至少一种ABC转运蛋白调节剂化合物（A式、B式、C式或D式）的药物组合物。该发明还涉及这些药物配方，以及使用这些组合物治疗CFTR介导的疾病，特别是囊性纤维化的方法。
• [EN] 3,5-DIAMINO-6-CHLORO-N-(N-(4-PHENYLBUTYL)CARBAMIMIDOYL) PYRAZINE-2- CARBOXAMIDE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS 3,5-DIAMINO -6-CHLORO-N-(N- (4-PHÉNYLBUTYL)CARBAMIMIDOYL) PYRAZINE-2-CARBOXAMIDE
  申请人：PARION SCIENCES INC

  公开号：WO2014099673A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-06-26

  The present invention relates compounds of the formula: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, useful as sodium channel blockers, as well as compositions containing the same, processes for the preparation of the same, and therapeutic methods of use therefore in promoting hydration of mucosal surfaces and the treatment of diseases including cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, acute and chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and pneumonia.

  本发明涉及以下化合物的公式：或其药学上可接受的盐，用作钠通道阻滞剂，以及含有这些化合物的组合物，制备这些化合物的方法，以及在促进粘膜表面水合和治疗包括囊性纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、支气管扩张、急性和慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和肺炎等疾病的治疗方法。
• CHLORO-PYRAZINE CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES WITH EPITHELIAL SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING ACTIVITY
  申请人：Parion Sciences, Inc.

  公开号：US20140171447A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-06-19

  This invention provides compounds of the formula I: and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, useful as sodium channel blockers, compositions containing the same, therapeutic methods and uses for the same and processes for preparing the same.

  这项发明提供了式I的化合物及其药用盐，可用作钠通道阻滞剂，包含这些化合物的组合物，以及用于这些化合物的治疗方法和用途，以及制备这些化合物的方法。
• NOVEL GLUCOKINASE ACTIVATORS AND METHODS OF USING SAME
  申请人：Ryono Denis E.

  公开号：US20080009465A1

  公开（公告）日：2008-01-10

  Compounds are provided which are phosphonate and phosphinate activators and thus are useful in treating diabetes and related diseases and have the structure wherein is a heteroaryl ring; R 4 is —(CH 2 ) n -Z-(CH 2 ) m —PO(OR 7 )(OR 8 ), —(CH 2 ) n Z-(CH 2 ) m —PO(OR 7 )R g , —(CH 2 ) n -Z-(CH 2 ) m —OPO(OR 7 )R g , —(CH 2 ) n Z—(CH 2 ) m —OPO(R 9 )(R 10 ), or —(CH 2 ) n Z—(CH 2 ) m —PO(R 9 )(R 10 ); R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from H, alkyl and halogen; Y is R 7 (CH 2 ) s or is absent; and X, n, Z, m, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and s are as defined herein; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A method for treating diabetes and related diseases employing the above compounds is also provided.

  提供了磷酸酯和磷酸酯激活剂，因此在治疗糖尿病和相关疾病方面非常有用，并具有以下结构： 其中 是杂环芳基环； R 4 为—(CH 2 ) n -Z-(CH 2 ) m —PO(OR 7 )(OR 8 )、—(CH 2 ) n Z-(CH 2 ) m —PO(OR 7 )R g 、—(CH 2 ) n -Z-(CH 2 ) m —OPO(OR 7 )R g 、—(CH 2 ) n Z—(CH 2 ) m —OPO(R 9 )(R 10) 或—(CH 2 ) n Z—(CH 2 ) m —PO(R 9 )(R 10) ； R 5 和R 6 分别选择自H、烷基和卤素； Y为R 7 (CH 2 ) s 或不存在；以及 X、n、Z、m、R 4 、R 5 、R 6 、R 7 和s如本文所定义；或其药用盐。 还提供了一种利用上述化合物治疗糖尿病和相关疾病的方法。