Contrasting free energies of electron transfer from [6] and [8]annulenes to their erdeuteriated-per-13C analogues
作者:Gerald R Stevenson、Steven J Peters、Kerry A Reidy
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97011-4
日期:1990.1
EPR analysis shows that the equilibrium isotopeeffectupon the equilibrium constant for electrontransferbetweenisotopicisomers is much larger in [6]annulene (i.e. C6H6−. + 13C6D6 = C6H6 + 13C6D6−.) than in the [8]annulene systems (i.e. C8H8−. + 13C8D8 = C8H8 + 13C8D8−.). This is due to the effects of aromaticity.
EPR分析表明,在[6]环戊烯中,同位素同位素对同位素异构体之间电子转移的平衡常数的影响要大得多(即C 6 H 6 -。 + 13 C 6 D 6 = C 6 H 6 + 13 C 6 D 6- 。)比[8]环戊烯体系(即C 8 H 8 -。 + 13 C 8 D 8 = C 8 H 8 + 13 C 8 D 8- )高。)。这是由于芳香性的影响。
Complete Structure of <i>trans</i>-3,4-Difluorocyclobutene from Microwave Spectroscopy
作者:Norman C. Craig、Lewis V. McCarty、Peter T. Lingenfelter、A. Sonan Osmani、Osman Rathore、Michael J. Tubergen、Robert L. Kuczkowski
DOI:10.1021/jp020504e
日期:2002.7.1
Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Oberlin College; Department of Chemistry, Kent, State University; Department of Partment of Chemistry, University of Michigan
Contrasting free energies of electron transfer from [6]- and [8]annulenes to their perdeuteriated and per-13C analogs
作者:Cheryl D. Stevenson、Steven J. Peters、Kerry A. Reidy、Richard C. Reiter
DOI:10.1021/jo00032a049
日期:1992.3.1
A very large equilibrium isotope effect (confirmed via physical separation of the isotopes involved) was observed via the EPR analysis of a mixture of benzene and perdeuteriated-per-C-13-benzene competing for a deficient number of electrons in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of 18-crown-6 (18C6). The K(eq) for the reaction C6H6.-,K+(18C6) + (C6D6)-C-13 = C6H6 + (C6D6)-C-13.-,K+(18C6) is 0.096 +/- 0.008 at -100-degrees-C. An analogous competition for electrons exists between [8]annulene and perdeuteriated-per-C-13-[8]annulene. In contrast to the benzene system the K(eq) for the reaction C8H8.-,Na+ + (C8D8)-C-13 = C8H8 + (C8D8)-C-13.-,Na+ in liquid ammonia is 1.20 +/- 0.04 at -100-degrees-C. Similar contrasting results (but smaller in magnitude) were observed for the benzene and cyclooctatetraene perdeuteriated and per-C-13 systems. The results are interpreted in terms of the divergence of the [6]annulene system from aromatic character upon electron addition and the convergence of the [8]annulene system toward aromatic character upon electron addition.
The phenylcyclooctatetraene anion radical and dianion: An intramolecular charge and spin distribution isotope effect
作者:Cheryl D. Stevenson、Richard D. Burton、Richard C. Reiter
DOI:10.1021/ja00028a002
日期:1992.1.1
EPR studies on the anion radicals and C-13 NMR studies of the dianions of phenylcyclooctatetraene ([6]-[8]), phenylcyclooctatetraene-d7, and phenyl-d5-cyclooctatetraene show that deuteriation of the cyclooctatetraenyl moiety perturbs and phenyl group spin and charge distributions in the anion radical and dianion, respectively. However, deuteriation of the phenyl moiety does not alter these distributions in the cyclooctatetraenyl moiety. The upfield shift in the chemical shifts of the phenyl carbons in the dianion and the increased spin density in the phenyl moiety in the anion radical, resulting from deuteriation of the eight-membered ring, is explained in terms of the different degrees of twist between the COT and phenyl rings. Since there is more zero-point energy in the coplanar arrangement and the force constant for C-D or C-H stretching mode should be maximized in a coplanar arrangement, [6]-[8].- will tend to be more twisted than will [6]-[81-d7.-. The deuteriation studies have further shown that the nature of the spin distribution in the anion radical of [6]-[8] has long been fundamentally misunderstood.
The Infra‐Red and Raman Spectra of Heavy Cyclooctatetraene