phytadiene | 888482-16-4

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 异戊烯醇脂质
• 英文名称: phytadiene
• 英文别名: (7r,11r)-3-Methylene-7,11,15-trimethyl-1-hexadecene；(7R,11R)-7,11,15-trimethyl-3-methylidenehexadec-1-ene
• CAS: 888482-16-4
• 化学式: C₂₀H₃₈
• 分子量: 278.522
• InChiKey: NIDGCIPAMWNKOA-UXHICEINSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  9.6
• 重原子数：
  20
• 可旋转键数：
  13
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.8
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  phytadiene 、 1,4-萘醌 生成 (4aΞ)-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyl-tridecyl)-(4ar,9ac)-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-anthraquinone
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Automated Screening for Genomic Imbalances using Matrix-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization

  摘要：

  Genome-wide screening for chromosomal imbalances using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) revealed a wealth of data on previously unrecognized tumor-specific genomic alterations. CGH to microarrays of DNA, an approach termed matrix-CGH, allows detection of genomic imbalances at a much higher resolution. We show that matrix CGH is also feasible from small tissue samples requiring universal amplification of genomic DNA. Because widespread application of matrix-CGH experiments using large numbers of DNA targets demands a high degree of automation, we have developed a protocol for a fully automated procedure. The use of specialized instrumentation for the generation of DNA chips, their hybridization, scanning, and evaluation required numerous alterations and modifications of the initial protocol. We here present the elaboration and testing of automated matrix-CGH. A chip consisting of 188 different genomic DNA fragments, cloned in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) or P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) vectors and immobilized in replicas of 10, was used to assess the performance of the automated protocol in determining the gene dosage variations in tumor cell lines COLO320-HSR, HL60, and NGP. Although ratios of matrix-CGH were highly concordant with results of chromosomal CGH (85%), the dynamic range of the matrix-CGH ratios was highly superior. Investigation of the two amplicons on 8q24 in COLO320-HSR and HL60, containing the MYC gene, revealed a homogeneous amplicon in COLO320-HSR but a heterogeneous amplification pattern in HL60 cells. Although control clones for normalization of the signal ratios can be predicted in cases with defined chromosomal aberrations, in primary tumors such data are often not available, requiring alternative normalization algorithms. Testing such algorithms in a primary high-grade B-cell lymphoma, we show the feasibility of this approach. With the matrix-CGH protocol presented here, robust and reliable detection of genomic gains and losses is accomplished in an automated fashion, which provides the basis for widespread application in tumor and clinical genetics.

  DOI：

  10.1038/labinvest.3780394
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 在 氢氧化钾 作用下， 生成 phytadiene
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Selectin-Mediated Interactions Regulate Cytokine Networks and Macrophage Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction in Cardiac Allograft Recipients

  摘要：

  Host sensitization to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens is among the most critical of problems facing heart transplantation. Selectins are postulated to mediate the early adhesive events in the recruitment of leukocytes at the allograft site. We investigated the significance of selectin-P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)-mediated in vivo interactions in the immune cascade leading to rejection of cardiac allografts in skin presensitized rats. Infusion of a soluble recombinant form of PSGL-1 (rPSGL-1g) during skin graft-mediated sensitization prevented Day 1.0 +/- 0.1 "accelerated" rejection in sensitized rat recipients, and prolonged cardiac allograft survival to Day 3.8 +/- 1.0 (p < 0.001). This therapy significantly depressed serum IgM levels and decreased intragraft expression of Th1 type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) as well as of IL-1 beta and MCP-1, as compared with controls, without affecting the initial number of infiltrating mononuclear cells (MNC). A profound decrease in graft-infiltrating MNC was recorded at 24 hours in rPSGL-Ig-treated rats. The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible heat shock protein 32 that protects against oxidative cell/tissue injury, was found in approximately 14-fold higher levels in the rPSGL-Ig-treated recipients as compared with controls. The HO-1 overexpression in rPSGL-Ig-treated hosts, primarily by infiltrating macrophages, was accompanied by virtual absence of myocardial infarcts and decreased frequency of TUNEL + cells at the graft site. Moreover, down-regulation of HO-1 expression by zinc protoporphyrin, an HO-1 antagonist, decreased expression of antiapoptotic Bag-1 molecule in recipients conditioned with rPSGL-1g. Thus, the blockade of selectin-PSGL-1 interactions depresses intracardiac allograft expression of Th1 type cytokines, and might inhibit the differentiation of Th1 type cells. In addition, it up-regulates HO-1 expression and protects against myocardial infarction and apoptosis. Hence, this study reports on a previously unrecognized role of selectin-PSGL-1 -mediated interactions after in vivo alloantigenic challenge.

  DOI：

  10.1038/labinvest.3780395

文献信息

• Ligand‐Regulated Regiodivergent Hydrosilylation of Isoprene under Iron Catalysis
  作者：Chang‐Sheng Kuai、Ding‐Wei Ji、Chao‐Yang Zhao、Heng Liu、Yan‐Cheng Hu、Qing‐An Chen

  DOI：10.1002/anie.202007930

  日期：2020.10.19

  feedstock isoprene with unactivated silanes has been developed using earth‐abundant iron catalysts. The manipulation of regioselectivity relies on fine modification of the coordination geometry of the iron center. While a bidentate pyridine imine ligand promoted the formation of allylic silanes through 4,1‐addition, selectivity for the 3,4‐adduct homoallylic silanes was observed with a tridentate nitrogen

  已经开发了一种使用土类丰富的铁催化剂对基本工业原料异戊二烯与未活化的硅烷进行区域发散和立体选择性氢化硅烷化的方法。区域选择性的操作依赖于对铁中心的配位几何形状的精细修饰。虽然二齿吡啶亚胺配体通过4,1加成促进了烯丙基硅烷的形成，但使用三齿氮配体观察到了3,4加合物均烯丙基硅烷的选择性。进行了实验研究和分析，以阐明反应机理和能控制区域选择性的因素。这项研究有助于烯烃加氢官能化中区域选择性控制的技术。
• Cobalt-catalyzed hydroxymethylarylation of terpenes with formaldehyde and arenes
  作者：Jun Yang、Ding-Wei Ji、Yan-Cheng Hu、Xiang-Ting Min、Xiangge Zhou、Qing-An Chen

  DOI：10.1039/c9sc03747k

  日期：——

  remains challenging, since the multiple unbiased C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds of terpenes lead to difficulty in controlling the regioselectivity. Herein, a cobalt(iii)-catalyzed C-H activation strategy has been developed to facilitate hydroxymethylarylation of terpenes with formaldehyde and arenes with high chemo- and regio-selectivities. These (chemo- and regio-) selectivities are governed by

  萜烯由异戊二烯单体单元组成，代表一系列天然丰富的化合物。萜烯的双官能化极具吸引力但仍然具有挑战性，因为萜烯的多个无偏 C[双键，长度为 m-dash]C 键导致难以控制区域选择性。在此，已经开发了一种钴（iii）催化的 CH 活化策略，以促进萜烯与甲醛和芳烃的羟甲基芳基化，具有高化学和区域选择性。这些（化学和区域）选择性由异戊二烯的配位能力、导向基团和空间效应决定。这种萜烯双官能化还通过 CH 加成途径具有高原子和步骤经济性。
• 一种烯丙醇类化合物制备单一立体构型的共轭二烯的方法
  申请人：中山大学

  公开号：CN113754509A

  公开（公告）日：2021-12-07

  本发明公开了一种烯丙醇类化合物制备单一立体构型的共轭二烯的方法。本发明将烯丙醇类化合物在碱性催化剂或碱性催化剂及除水剂存在下进行脱水反应，得到单一立体构型的共轭二烯化合物，其中，烯丙醇类化合物中的4‑位是与羟基同侧的甲基、亚甲基或次甲基，该方法不仅区域选择性和立体选择性高，而且反应温和，绿色，成本低，适用底物范围广，具有重要的应用价值。
• 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01589
  作者：Liu, Shun、Zhang, Qidong、Ma, Ji、Huo, Xiankuan、Ji, Lingbo、He, Baojiang、Chai, Guobi、Shi, Qingzhao、Mao, Jian、Xi, Hui、Fan, Wu、Li, Suhua

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01589

  日期：——

  synthesis of regio- and stereodefined conjugated dienes via an in situ generated directing group strategy. This reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility for primary–tertiary alcohols. The simple and scalable (up to 0.6 mol) procedure with readily available and inexpensive reagents makes it a practical method for conjugated diene synthesis. Mechanistic studies reveal

  醇脱水是有机化学中最基本的转化之一，也是合成研究中生产烯烃最广泛使用的方法之一。人们已经开发了许多方法和试剂来控制正构醇的区域选择性和立体选择性以及脱水效率。尽管取得了这些成就，但由于许多潜在的二烯可以通过 1,2- 或 1 形成，因此除了具有天然优先消除位置的有限底物外，烯丙醇的区域选择性和立体选择性以及可预测的脱水很少有报道。 ,4-顺式或反式消除。在这里，我们报告了t BuOK/2,2-二氟乙酸钾介导的烯丙醇 1,4-顺式脱水，通过原位生成的导向基团策略合成区域和立体定义的共轭二烯。该反应表现出广泛的底物范围和伯叔醇良好的官能团相容性。简单且可扩展（高达 0.6 mol）的程序以及易于获得且廉价的试剂使其成为共轭二烯合成的实用方法。机理研究表明，形成具有叔丁醇和烯丙氧基缩醛部分的乙酸酯作为中间体，其中乙酸酯和缩醛充当碱促进消除的导向基团。该反应还涉及不寻常的H 2释放。
• 1088. The phytadienes and norphytene, and their relation to some components of cigarette smoke
  作者：R. A. W. Johnstone、P. M. Quan

  DOI：10.1039/jr9630005706

  日期：——