抗菌药 磺胺二甲氧嗪是目前临床广泛应用的人工合成抗菌药物。其抗菌机制主要是通过抑制细菌生长繁殖来发挥抑菌作用,对大多数革兰氏阳性菌和部分革兰氏阴性菌有效,但对立克次体、霉形体及病毒无效。
药物类别磺胺药根据其作用性质和半衰期长短可以分为全身感染用磺胺、肠道用磺胺和外用磺胺。其中,全身感染用磺胺又细分为短效磺胺(如磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺甲异恶唑)、中效磺胺(如磺胺嘧啶)及长效磺胺(如磺胺二甲氧嗪)。肠道用磺胺主要在肠道中发挥制菌作用,包括磺胺咪、琥磺噻唑等。外用磺胺则主要用于局部治疗,例如磺胺醋酰钠、甲磺灭脓等。
用途抗菌作用与SD相似。该药物内服吸收迅速但排泄较慢,体内乙酰化率低,不易引起泌尿道损害。除了具有广谱抗菌作用外,还具备显著的抗球虫和抗弓形体效果。主要用于防治犊牛、鸡、兔的球虫病;也可用于治疗鸡传染性鼻炎、禽霍乱等疾病,并且对猪狗的弓形体病(常与乙胺嘧啶合用)及犬猫的诺卡菌病有效,还可用于防治细菌性烂鳃病、竖鳞病、鱼类弧菌病、鳗赤鳍病和鲤科鱼类疖疮病。
不良反应常见的不良反应包括胃肠道不适、对肾功能的损害以及潜在的畸胎作用。磺胺药不宜与局部麻醉药合用。
生物活性磺胺二甲氧嗪是一种非还原性的葡糖苷酸,通过抑制二氢叶酸合成酶来阻断二氢叶酸的合成,从而发挥抗菌作用。其主要在原核生物中发挥作用,对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和衣原体具有较好的抗菌效果。抗药机理通常涉及二氢叶酸合成酶或叶酸合成替代路径的变化。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
N-[4-[(2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-4-基)氨基磺酰基]苯基]乙酰胺 | 4-p-acetamidobenzenesulfonamido-2,6-dimethoxypyrimidine | 555-25-9 | C14H16N4O5S | 352.371 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-nitro-benzenesulfonamide | 37063-70-0 | C12H12N4O6S | 340.316 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 4-[(anilinocarbonyl)amino]-N-(2,6-dimethoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C19H19N5O5S | 429.5 |
—— | N4-Chloracetyl-6-sulfanilamido-2,4-dimethoxypyrimidin | 92194-80-4 | C14H15ClN4O5S | 386.816 |
—— | N-{4-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)sulfamoyl]phenyl}hexanamide | —— | C18H24N4O5S | 408.5 |
—— | sulfadimethoxine methacrylamide | —— | C16H18N4O5S | 378.409 |
—— | 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-[4-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]urea | —— | C19H18ClN5O5S | 463.9 |
—— | N-[4-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]octanamide | —— | C20H28N4O5S | 436.5 |
—— | N-[4-(2,6-Dimethoxy-pyrimidin-4-ylsulfamoyl)-phenyl]-succinamic acid | 94672-50-1 | C16H18N4O7S | 410.408 |
—— | 4-(cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-ylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C19H20N4O4S | 400.458 |
—— | 4-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)ureido)-N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C19H18ClN5O5S | 463.9 |
—— | Methyl 3-({4-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-YL)sulfamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)propanoate | 304683-24-7 | C17H20N4O7S | 424.434 |
—— | 4-{[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)carbamoyl]amino}-N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C19H17Cl2N5O5S | 498.3 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-[3-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)thioureido]benzenesulfonamide | —— | C19H21N7O4S2 | 475.552 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C13H13N7O4S | 363.357 |
磺胺二甲氧嘧啶EP杂质F | 4-amino-N-(6-methoxy-2-oxo-4-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide | 19868-00-9 | C11H12N4O4S | 296.307 |
—— | 4-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]-N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide | 1449365-41-6 | C21H18ClN5O4S | 471.924 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-[3-(2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl)thioureido]benzenesulfonamide | —— | C17H17N7O6S2 | 479.497 |
—— | Z-4-(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-enylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethoxylpyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C23H24N4O7S | 500.532 |
—— | 4-amino-N-(6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C11H12N4O4S | 296.307 |
—— | N-[4-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]-2-[[2-[[4-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]disulfanyl]benzamide | —— | C38H34N8O10S4 | 891.0 |
—— | 4-(3-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-ylthioureido)-N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C19H17N7O4S3 | 503.586 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-[3-(5-ethylsulfanyl[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)thioureido]benzenesulfonamide | —— | C17H19N7O4S4 | 513.646 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-[3-(6-oxo-6H-benzo[c]chromen-3-yl)thioureido]benzenesulfonamide | —— | C26H21N5O6S2 | 563.615 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-(7-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide | 1489236-29-4 | C22H18F3N5O4S | 505.477 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-[3-(5,6-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)thioureido]benzenesulfonamide | —— | C18H20N8O4S2 | 476.54 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-[3-(2-methylquinolin-4-yl)thioureido]benzenesulfonamide | —— | C23H22N6O4S2 | 510.597 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-[3-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)thioureido]benzenesulfonamide | —— | C23H21N5O6S2 | 527.582 |
—— | (E)-N-(4-(N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-N'-(7-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl)carbamimidothioic acid | 1491007-27-2 | C23H19F3N6O4S2 | 564.569 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-[1-(8-hydroxyquinolin-7-yl)ethylamino]benzenesulfonamide | —— | C23H23N5O5S | 481.532 |
—— | N-(4-(N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxamide | —— | C22H18N4O7S | 482.474 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-[3-(6-ethoxybenzothiazol-2-yl)thioureido]benzenesulfonamide | —— | C22H22N6O5S3 | 546.652 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-(3-oxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C19H16N4O5S2 | 444.492 |
—— | 4-amino-N-(2,6-dioxo-4-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C10H10N4O4S | 282.28 |
—— | N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-(3-methyl-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-ylamino)-benzenesulfonamide | 1204290-34-5 | C23H20N4O6S | 480.501 |
4-氨基-N-[2,6-双(甲基氨基)-4-嘧啶基]-苯磺胺 | 4-amino-N-(2,6-bis-methylaminopyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide | 202466-68-0 | C12H16N6O2S | 308.364 |
—— | 4-{(2R,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-oxoazetidin-1-yl}-N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C24H26N4O8S | 530.558 |
—— | 4-amino-N-(2,6-bis-ethylaminopyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide | —— | C14H20N6O2S | 336.418 |
—— | 4-amino-N-(2,6-bis-propylamino-pyrimidin-4-yl)-benzenesulfonamide | —— | C16H24N6O2S | 364.472 |