Fluorous Oxime Palladacycle: A Precatalyst for Carbon–Carbon Coupling Reactions in Aqueous and Organic Medium
摘要:
To facilitate precatalyst recovery and reuse, we have developed a fluorous, oxime-based palladacycle 1 and demonstrated that it is a very efficient and versatile precatalyst for a wide range of carbon carbon bond formation reactions (Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, Stille, Heck, Glaser-type, and Kumada) in either aqueous or organic medium under microwave irradiation. Palladacycle 1 could be recovered through F-SPE in various coupling reactions with recovery ranging from 84 to 95% for the first cycle. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analyses of the Pd content in the crude product from each class of transformation indicated extremely low levels of leaching and the palladacycle could be reused four to five times without significant loss of activity.
Fluorous Oxime Palladacycle: A Precatalyst for Carbon–Carbon Coupling Reactions in Aqueous and Organic Medium
作者:Woen Susanto、Chi-Yuan Chu、Wei Jie Ang、Tzyy-Chao Chou、Lee-Chiang Lo、Yulin Lam
DOI:10.1021/jo202482h
日期:2012.3.16
To facilitate precatalyst recovery and reuse, we have developed a fluorous, oxime-based palladacycle 1 and demonstrated that it is a very efficient and versatile precatalyst for a wide range of carbon carbon bond formation reactions (Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, Stille, Heck, Glaser-type, and Kumada) in either aqueous or organic medium under microwave irradiation. Palladacycle 1 could be recovered through F-SPE in various coupling reactions with recovery ranging from 84 to 95% for the first cycle. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analyses of the Pd content in the crude product from each class of transformation indicated extremely low levels of leaching and the palladacycle could be reused four to five times without significant loss of activity.
Substrate-Controlled Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of (<i>Z</i>)- and (<i>E</i>)-<i>N</i>-Styrylated Carbazoles, Aza-carbazoles, and γ-Carbolines via Hydroamination of Alkynes
作者:Vineeta Garg、Pradeep Kumar、Akhilesh K. Verma
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.8b01642
日期:2018.10.5
substrate-controlled regio- and stereoselective hydroamination of carbazoles, aza-carbazoles, and γ-carbolines with functionalized aromatic as well as aliphatic alkynes in a KOH/DMSO system in good yields. The electronic effect of the substrates governs the stereochemistry of the product. Electron-donating alkynes provided (Z)-stereoselective products, and electron-withdrawing alkynes provided (E)-stereoselective