1. A method of producing a heterogeneous catalyst suitable for catalyzing Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig reactions, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a porous carrier, said porous carrier consisting of a core and a plurality of ion exchange groups covalently bonded to the surface of said core, where at least 90 % of the ions bound to said carrier are formate ions;
b) providing a palladium (II) salt;
c) suspending said carrier in an organic solvent thereby obtaining a suspension;
d) adding said palladium salt to said suspension and allowing the resulting mixture to react at a temperature within the range of 30 - 70 °C until said carrier has turned black;
e) washing said carrier in water; and
f) drying said carrier under vacuum;
characterised in that
the resulting carrier subsequently is resuspended in dimethyl formamide and heated under inert atmosphere to at least 90 °C for 2 hours followed by washing with a polar solvent and drying.
The invention also relates to a catalyst produced by the method and to processes where the catalyst is used for catalysing Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura, and Buchwald-Hartwig reactions.
一种制备适用于催化Heck、Suzuki-Miyaura和Buchwald-Hartwig反应的非均相催化剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)提供多孔载体,该多孔载体由核心和多个离子交换基团共价键合到核心表面组成,其中至少90%的离子结合到该载体上为
甲酸根离子;
b)提供
钯(II)盐;
c)将该载体悬浮在有机溶剂中,从而获得悬浮液;
d)将该
钯盐加入该悬浮液中,并允许所得混合物在30-70℃的温度范围内反应,直到该载体变黑;
e)用
水洗涤该载体;
f)在真空下干燥该载体;
其特征在于,随后所得的载体在惰性气氛下在二甲基甲酰胺中重悬并加热至至少90℃,持续2小时,然后用极性溶剂洗涤并干燥。
该发明还涉及由该方法制备的催化剂以及使用该催化剂催化Heck、Suzuki-Miyaura和Buchwald-Hartwig反应的过程。