A green, highly efficient, and eco-friendly protocol for Knoevenagel–Michael addition reaction is reported in Chickpea leaf exudates (CLE) as a naturally sourced biosurfactant. The reactions between dimedone/4-hydroxycoumarins and a variety of aryl aldehydes were carried out in presence of CLE to afford diketodiols/biscoumarins. The synthetic pathway complies with several key requirements of green chemistry principles such as the employment of natural feedstock as green reaction media, ambient temperature, atom economy along with natural biosurfactant type Bronsted acids, and recyclable and biodegradable catalyst which led to a 28-fold increase in molar efficiency versus industrial standard protocols. Its dynamic phase is confirmed by the optical microscopy technique and critical micelle concentration measurement. The notable advantages of the present protocol were simple work-up procedure, high yield within short reaction time, easy separation of products, avoiding tedious column chromatography thus making the protocol environmentally friendly, sustainable, and economical.
报告采用鹰嘴豆叶渗出物(CLE)作为天然
生物表面活性剂,提出了一种绿色、高效、环保的 Knoevenagel-Michael 加成反应方案。在 CLE 的存在下,二酮/
4-羟基
香豆素与多种芳基醛发生反应,生成二酮二醇/双
香豆素。该合成途径符合绿色
化学原则的几个关键要求,如使用天然原料作为绿色反应介质、环境温度、原子经济性以及天然
生物表面活性剂型勃朗斯特酸和可回收和
生物降解催化剂,与工业标准协议相比,摩尔效率提高了 28 倍。光学显微镜技术和临界胶束浓度测量证实了其动态阶段。本方案的显著优点是操作步骤简单,反应时间短,产率高,产品易于分离,避免了繁琐的柱层析,从而使该方案具有环境友好性、可持续性和经济性。